Attractive responses by Monochamus galloprovincialis (Col., Cerambycidae) to host and bark beetle semiochemicals

Abstract

The pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis is the European vector of the recently introduced pine wood nematode. This nematode is the causal organism of pine wilt disease, a serious tree killer in East Asia. Efficacious baits and traps to monitor and control this beetle are now required. The effect of bark beetle (Ips spp.) pheromone components, released individually (ipsenol) or in blends (ipsenol, ipsdienol, cis-verbenol and methyl-butenol), together with host volatiles (turpentine or a-pinene and ethanol) on M. galloprovincialis trap catches has been studied in Spain. A kairomonal response by male and female of M. galloprovincialis to Ips semiochemicals was found. Beetles were more attracted to host blends supplemented with bark beetle pheromones than to host volatiles alone. Ipsenol alone was attractive to pine sawyers, and was synergistic with a-pinene and ethanol. The full blend of the four Ips semiochemicals and the host compounds was highly attractive. Multiple-funnel traps were as effective as black cross-vane traps in capturing this insect when the escape of trapped beetles was prevented. Trapping of non-target bark beetle predators was also evaluated. The trogossitid Temnochila coerulea and clerid Thanasimus formicarius were kairomonally attracted to and killed in traps baited with bark beetle pheromones. These results suggest that effective monitoring of M. galloprovincialis would be possible by baiting any of these traps with host volatiles and Ips semiochemicals, but reduction of the lure components and trap modification to minimize impact on predators should be considered.

Identification and Field Activity of a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone in the Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis

“…It is unlikely that this was due to lower populations later in the season, as catches with the pheromone and mixtures of kairomones and pheromone generally were higher than in the first experiment. The results are consistent with a lower attractiveness of the blends with ipsdienol than those with ipsenol, as reported by Pajares et al (2004) and Ibeas et al (2007), but changes in relative responses to kairomones and pheromone during the season cannot be excluded and need to be investigated. The responses to the kairomones ended somewhat earlier than to the pheromone, as only the baits containing the pheromone attracted beetles in mid-late September in Experiment 2 (data not shown).…”

“…Dispensers for bark beetle semiochemicals and host compounds were as described previously by Pajares et al (2004) and Ibeas et al (2007). Thus, racemic ipsenol, racemic ipsdienol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, and ∼80%-(-)- Fig.…”

Understanding Insect Behaviors and Olfactory Signal Transduction

“…Rapidly, the economic interest for using pheromone compounds in pest controls was updated and included in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs [70], which imply various strategies depending the goals and scopes to achieve. Monitoring of insect populations, trapping by using traps lured with synthetic attractant associated with a killing substance [113], Push-pull strategy, which consists of pushing away crop enemies while luring them to the pheromone dispensers containing killing substances, is among of the current IPM strategies [114][115][116][117][118]. We have to precise that the aggregation pheromones are one of the most ecologically selective pest suppression methods.…”

Risk maps of appearance and development of the pine wilt disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in Extremadura

“…Habría que tener especial cuidado al realizar nuevas plantaciones en la zonas de mayor riesgo, utilizándose especies menos susceptibles, como P. pinea y P. halepensis (Evans et al, 1996). Por último, resultaría útil estimar la población del insecto vector a partir de trampas de captura (Pajares et al, 2004).…”