Attraction of the Bark Beetle ParasitoidRoptrocerus xylophagorum(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Host-Associated Olfactory Cues

Semiochemicals in the Natural History of Southern Pine Beetle Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann and Their Role in Pest Management

“…Rather, these and additional common oxygenated monoterpenes may be more general infochemicals which indicate the early stages of a decaying and thus unsuitable host (Flechtmann et al, 1999;Lindgren and Miller, 2002). As with verbenone, many may be generated through the enzymatic oxidation activities of microbes in the host tissues or autoxidation of host resin (Flechtmann et al, 1999;Hunt et al, 1989;Sullivan, 1997;Sullivan et al, 2000).…”

“…Pheromone release by the mass-attacking parent D. frontalis is finished well before the preferred host life stages (late-instar larvae and pupae within the bark) for the parasitoids are available (Berisford, 2011), hence the pheromones are not suitable cues. Rather, at least some of the parasitoid species appear to be attracted to as-yet unidentified olfactory cues (which likely include oxygenated monoterpenes) associated specifically with bark infested with their preferred host life stages (Sullivan et al, , 2000.…”

Recruitment of predators and parasitoids by herbivore-injured plants

“…Bark beetles can cause strong reactions in their host trees, resulting in the emission of a blend of volatile terpenoids that, in combination with aggregation pheromenes, is used in mass attacks. These same substances may attract predators (Byers, 1989) and parasitoids (Sullivan et al, 2000;Pettersson, 2001;Pettersson et al, 2001) to infested trees.…”

Electrophysiological and Olfactometer Responses of Two Histerid Predators to Three Pine Bark Beetle Pheromones

“…parallelurn and Ple. transversus adults in pedestrian bioassays, using a Ytube olfactometer as described in Sullivan et al (2000). Individual histerids were introduced into the stem of a glass Y-tube (6-rnrn i.d., stem 7 cm, branches 7 cm, and 135" to the stem), and a choice was scored when a beetle walked 5 cm down one branch within 8 min of introduction to the Y-tube.…”