Attraction of four entomopathogenic nematodes to four white grub species

Koppenhöfer, Albrecht M.; Fuzy, Eugene M.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2008.05.003

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One possible cue is CO 2 . CO 2 is emitted by all aerobic organisms as a byproduct of respiration and is a critical host cue for many parasites, including entomopathogenic nematodes (Dillman et al 2012; Gaugler et al 1991; Hallem et al 2011a; Koppenhofer and Fuzy 2008; Robinson 1995). We found that H. aoronymphium was strongly attracted to CO 2 (Figure 2B), raising the possibility that it uses CO 2 to identify fly larvae to infect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Preferences of the Parasitic Nematode Howardula aoronymphium and its Insect Host Drosophila falleni

et al. 2017

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Many parasitic nematodes have an environmental infective stage that searches for hosts. Olfaction plays an important role in this process, with nematodes navigating their environment using host-emitted and environmental olfactory cues. The interactions between parasitic nematodes and their hosts are also influenced by the olfactory behaviors of the host, since host olfactory preferences drive behaviors that may facilitate or impede parasitic infection. However, how olfaction shapes parasite-host interactions is poorly understood. Here we investigated this question using the insect-parasitic nematode Howardula aoronymphium and its host, the mushroom fly Drosophila falleni. We found that both H. aoronymphium and D. falleni are attracted to mushroom odor and a subset of mushroom-derived odorants, but they have divergent olfactory preferences that are tuned to different mushroom odorants despite their shared mushroom environment. H. aoronymphium and D. falleni respond more narrowly to odorants than Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, consistent with their more specialized niches. Infection of D. falleni with H. aoronymphium alters its olfactory preferences, rendering it more narrowly tuned to mushroom odor. Our results establish H. aoronymphium-D. falleni as a model system for studying olfaction in the context of parasite-host interactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Preferences of the Parasitic Nematode Howardula aoronymphium and its Insect Host Drosophila falleni

et al. 2017

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“…The positive influence of host insect cues on the migration of EPN is well documented (e.g. Lacey et al 2001;Koppenhöfer and Fuzy 2008). Nematode attraction in response to insects is reported to be due to host cues like CO 2 (Gaugler et al 1980; Lewis et al 1993) and/or gut fluids (Grewal et al 1993a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The pipes were filled with autoclaved sand (moisture: 10-12%, particle size: 125-500 lm) that was washed with tap water to remove extra fine particles before autoclaving. A single L3 was caged within an aluminium mesh stapled carefully around the grub (Koppenhöfer and Fuzy 2008) at the last section at one end; pipes were closed with adhesive tape at both ends. Twenty-four hours after set-up of the experiment, 1,000 IJs of one of the selected isolates suspended in 1 ml of water was administered at the end opposite to the insect.…”

Section: The Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Nepalese entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents against Holotrichia longipennis Blanch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

et al. 2011

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Holotrichia longipennis Blanch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a serious pest of commercial crops in Siduwa, Dhankuta, Nepal. Seven indigenous isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema lamjungense LMT5, S. lamjungense SS4, S. everestense DKP4, S. abbasi CS1, S. sp. KL1, Heterorhabditis indica CK2 and H. indica CK6) were used in a series of bioassays against the insect. All isolates showed an increased dispersal in response to H. longipennis. Nematodes were more attracted towards third instar larvae than to second instars. Differences in penetration and multiplication in the insect were observed amongst the seven isolates. Steinernema lamjungense LMT5, S. everestense DKP4 and S. abbasi CS1 caused greater mortality than other isolates to different developmental stages. Pupae and second instar larvae were more susceptible than third instar larvae. Significant differences were observed in LT 50 values of the isolates against different stages of H. longipennis. Three isolates (S. lamjungense LMT5, S. everestense DKP4 and S. abbasi CS1) along with a commonly used insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were tested against this insect in pot and field experiments. In pot experiments using maize and cabbage as a host crop, S. lamjungense LMT5 and S. everestense DKP4 performed better than S. abbasi CS1 and yielded a mortality comparable with chlorpyrifos. Similar results were observed in field experiments 3 weeks after nematode application. These experiments overall suggest S. lamjungense LMT5 to be a promising biocontrol agent against H. longipennis followed by S. everestense DKP4 and S. abbasi CS1.

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“…During the field experiment, moderate temperatures (ranging between 12°C and 30°C) during the field experiment would theoretically have ensured the survival of the nematodes (Koppenhöfer and Fuzy 2008). However, low levels of humidity (≈35% RH) during the first few hours after application would have been detrimental to the survival of the nematodes (Koppenhöfer and Fuzy 2008) and could partially explain the low levels of mortality obtained (≈55%) for all three nematode treatments.…”

Section: Field Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of humidity and a superabsorbent polymer formulation on the efficacy ofHeterorhabditis zealandica(Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) to control codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Waal

Malan

Addison

2013

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Adequate moisture levels are required for nematode survival and subsequent efficacy as entomopathogens. Formulation of nematodes aimed at aboveground applications may assist in maintaining such moisture levels. In this study, we report the effects of a superabsorbent polymer formulation, Zeba® on the performance of an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica Poinar, for controlling diapausing codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) larvae in cryptic habitats on trees. Water activity (aw-value) on bark was considered to be an indication of moisture levels on trees in cryptic habitats where codling moth larvae are known to occur, thereby influencing nematode efficacy. H. zealandica was only able to infect codling moth larvae at aw≥0.92, with aw50=0.94 and aw90=0.96.Laboratory experiments in which nematode concentration was investigated indicated a positive linear relationship between the concentration of nematodes applied and the level of control obtained, with the highest level of mortality recorded at 80 IJs/larva, requiring at least 4 h of conditions conducive to nematode activity to ensure infectivity and subsequent efficacy. Further experimentation showed that the use of the Zeba formulation, together with the nematodes, improved the level of control obtained at 60% and 80% RH in the laboratory and that it also enhanced the survival and infection-ability of the nematodes in the field. The study conclusively illustrates that the tested formulation assisted in maintaining adequate moisture levels on the application substratum, as required for nematode survival and subsequent efficacy.

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Attraction of four entomopathogenic nematodes to four white grub species

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Olfactory Preferences of the Parasitic Nematode Howardula aoronymphium and its Insect Host Drosophila falleni

Olfactory Preferences of the Parasitic Nematode Howardula aoronymphium and its Insect Host Drosophila falleni

Potential of Nepalese entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents against Holotrichia longipennis Blanch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Effect of humidity and a superabsorbent polymer formulation on the efficacy ofHeterorhabditis zealandica(Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) to control codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

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