“…(2) Openness has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in financial allocation efficiency (Asongu, 2012c), leading to substantial issues of surplus liquidity in African financial institutions (Fouda, 2009;Saxegaard, 2006). Hence, there has been an increase in the demand for informal financial services (Aryeetey, 2005) to meet up the growing demand for investment needs in the continent (Rolfe & Woodward, 2004;Alagidede, 2008;Bartels et al, 2009;Tuomi , 2011;Kolstad & Wiig, 2011;Darley, 2012;Asongu, 2012d). This general positive nexus with the informal financial sector is also in line with recent African development literature that has established a positive correlation between the informal financial sector and soaring trends of mobile banking (Asongu, 2013a) and knowledge economy (Asongu, 2012a).…”