Attractant and Disruptant Semiochemicals forDendroctonus jeffreyi(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Abstract

Jeffrey pine, Pinus jeffreyi Greville and Balfour, is a dominant yellow pine and important overstory component of forests growing on diverse sites from southwestern Oregon to Baja California to western Nevada. The Jeffrey pine beetle, Dendroctonus jeffreyi Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is monophagous on Jeffrey pine and its primary insect pest. Despite the importance of P. jeffreyi, difficult terrain, environmental concerns, and lack of roads can constrain pest management activities. Semiochemicals are often easier to apply and more environmentally acceptable than other options, but they are lacking in this system. Attractants have been identified, but field bioassays have been limited because of infrequent or short duration outbreaks and a lack of beetles during nonoutbreak periods. Disruptant semiochemicals have not been assessed for D. jeffreyi during outbreak conditions; however, commercially available semiochemicals have been implicated as disruptants for this bark beetle. The objective of this study was to identify the most effective commercially available attractant and disruptant semiochemicals for D. jeffreyi. Our highest observed catch occurred with the blend of 5% 1-heptanol and 95% n-heptane. When this was used to challenge potential disruptant semiochemicals, the combination of S-(-)-verbenone and the green leaf volatile blend (cis-3-Hexenol and 1-Hexanol) reduced trap catch by ≍80%. However, frontalin was most effective, reducing the number of D. jeffreyi caught by >96%. Within each year of the study, the percentage female of D. jeffreyi caught with our attractant decreased from start to end of the experimental period. On average, our first collection in a year (mid-June to early July) was 59% female, whereas our last (mid-August) was 34%. Frontalin was equally or more effective against females (the pioneering sex) than males, providing optimism that semiochemical disruption may be possible for protecting Jeffrey pines from D. jeffreyi.

Spiroacetals in the Colonization Behaviour of the Coffee Berry Borer: A ‘Push-Pull’ System

“…This implies that the presence of frontalin in the headspace volatiles is crucial in the host discrimination and colonization processes of H. hampei compared to the common fermentation product methanol and ethanol. This observation is supported by other reports of the inhibitory effect of anti-aggregation pheromones and repellent host compounds to attractants in various Ips and Dendroctonus species e.g [16], [31]–[34].…”

Red turpentine beetle primary attraction increases linearly with (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol dose regardless of component ratios, and no change in response with addition of high‐release frontalin

“…The absence of any high‐release frontalin influence on D. valens attraction to β‐pinene+ethanol is similar to what Strom et al . (2013) observed for D. valens using 3.4 or 6.8 mg/day high‐release frontalin+n‐heptane:heptanol (95 : 5) versus n‐heptane:heptanol (95 : 5), the lure for Jeffrey pine beetle. However, the frontalin chiral makeup released by females, and the responses of both sexes to the individual enantiomers, or their combinations with monoterpenes remains unknown.…”

Phylogeny, evolution, and potential ecological relationship of cytochrome CYP52 enzymes in Saccharomycetales yeasts

“…The M. guilliermondii ENCB-M used in this work, which was isolated from digestive tract of Dentroctonus rhizophagus, a bark beetle endemic to Northwest Mexico 52 , displayed a wide assimilation spectrum of alkanes. The genus Dendroctonus occupies an ecological niche where alkanes, for example, n-heptane, are present in moderate concentrations 53 . Perhaps the capability of M. guilliermondii ENCB-M is associated with the constant exposition the gut microbiota of Dendroctonus rhizophagus to volatile alkanes.…”