The secretory pathway regulates proper targeting of proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes to their destined compartments through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the golgi apparatus as well as via the plasma membrane to the extracellular matrix. The first step in this pathway is the translocation of the newly synthesized proteins into the ER which can occur either co-or post-translationally.
1,2During co-translational translocation elongation of the protein is arrested due to binding of the signal recognition particle (SRP) to the freshly synthesized nascent polypeptide chain appearing at the ribosome. Translation continues after binding of the SRP to the SRP receptor at the ER membrane and the polypeptide is translocated through the Sec61 channel into the ER. In the post-translational pathway proteins are first fully synthesized in the cytosol and therefore released from the ribosomes before being translocated. It was shown that predominantly small secretory proteins are translocated post-translationally into the ER in yeast and mammals. These small proteins are expected to be inefficiently recognized by the SRP at the ribosome since translation is completed only shortly after exposure of the N-terminal signal sequence.4 This post-translational transport is typically facilitated by molecular chaperones such as the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the cytosol. 5 In yeast post-translational translocation requires a heptameric Sec complex at the ER membrane, consisting of a tetrameric Sec62/63p complex The secretory system in eukaryotic organisms ensures targeting of proteins to their place of function after they entered the endoplasmic reticulum either co-or post-translationally. Thereby proteins are translocated through the Sec translocon into the endoplasmic reticulum. In the Arabidopsis genome homologs for the three major components of the Sec translocon, the central pore Sec61α and the auxiliary proteins Sec62 and Sec63 are present. Phylogenetic analyses show Sec61α to be the most conserved subunit within the Sec translocon whereas Sec62 and Sec63 show less homology but contain the same functional domains among all organisms. We recently characterized a novel tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing protein, AtTPR7, as part of the Arabidopsis Sec translocon which is probably involved in chaperone assisted post-translational import. In this study we investigated the interaction of AtTPR7 with Sec62 as well as the cytosolic chaperones HSP70 and HSP90 not only in vitro but also in vivo to further strengthen the hypothesis of AtTPR7 being a chaperone docking protein of the Sec translocon for secretory preproteins in Arabidopsis.