Attosecond Synchronization of High-Harmonic Soft X-rays

Mairesse, Y.; Bohan, A de; Frasinski, L. J.; Merdji, H.; Dinu, Laura; Monchicourt, P.; Breger, P.; Kovačev, Milutin; Taïeb, Richard; Carré, B.; Müller, H. G.; Agostini, Pierre; Salières, P.

doi:10.1126/science.1090277

Cited by 803 publications

(678 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…the chirp of attosecond pulses. [21,22] The first two steps together produce an electron wave packet that weakly depends on the molecular orientation, whereas recombination is highly sensitive to the molecular frame. Eqn.…”

Section: Probing Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Harmonic Spectroscopy: From Femtosecond to Attosecond Molecular Dynamics

Wörner

2011

Chimia

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The principles of high-harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) are illustrated using two recent examples from the literature. The method can be applied as a probe to measure the evolution of the electronic structure of a molecule during a chemical reaction on the femtosecond time scale. Alternatively, it can be used as a comprehensive method unifying pump and probe steps into a single laser cycle to measure electronic dynamics on the at to second time scale.

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Section: Probing Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Harmonic Spectroscopy: From Femtosecond to Attosecond Molecular Dynamics

Wörner

2011

Chimia

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“…Explorations in attosecond physics took advantage of this pronounced nonlinearity to demonstrate generation of attosecond pulse trains in the extreme ultraviolet part of the spectrum [21,22]. It was however, not before few-cycle pulses were employed in the study of strong field phenomena that relevant dynamics were confined to occur in a fraction of a field-cycle, opening the way to the attosecond realm.…”

Section: Attosecond Strong-field Physics In the Few-cycle Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

MAKING OPTICAL WAVES, TRACING ELECTRONS IN REAL-TIME: THE ONSET OF THE ATTOSECOND REALM (Invited Review)

Goulielmakis¹,

Krausz²

2014

PIER

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Abstract-Tracing the dynamics of electrons inside atoms molecules or solids as they occur in real time resides at the forefront of modern science and technology. Advances in attosecond physics over the last decade and beyond are now enabling this essential experimental capability. Here we discuss some of the key developments in light sciences that made possible attosecond metrology and control of electronic processes inside matter on native time scales. These developments hold the promise for new, fundamental insights into the innerworkings of the microcosm as well as the identification of innovative routes for light-based electronic and photonic devices operating at PHz rates.

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“…This attochirp can be partially compensated by propagating the pulses in a suitable dispersive medium [34,35]. In Fig.…”

Section: Wavelength Scaling Of Harmonic Efficiency and Attochirpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This question also demands a proper way to present the phase of harmonics. According to the semiclassical theory, the phase difference between successive odd harmonics reveals the harmonic emission time [35]. Since the phase difference between consecutive odd harmonics can be measured using the RABITT technique [47] experimentally, we choose to study the phase difference as defined by combined to generate attosecond pulses [11,126], it is meaningful to observe phase behavior of harmonics in different positions separately.…”

Section: Phase Of the Harmonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Nonlinear Propagation of High Harmonics Generated in a Gaseous Medium

Jin

2013

Springer Theses

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In this thesis, we establish the theoretical tools to investigate high-order harmonic generation (HHG) by intense infrared lasers in a gaseous medium. The macroscopic propagation of both the fundamental and the harmonic fields is taken into account by solving Maxwell's wave equations, while the single-atom (or single-molecule) response is obtained by quantitative rescattering theory. The initial spatial mode of the fundamental laser is assumed either a Gaussian or a truncated Bessel beam. On the examples of Ar, N 2 and CO 2 , we demonstrate that the available experimental HHG spectra with isotropic and aligned target media can be accurately reproduced theoretically even though the HHG spectra are sensitive to the experimental conditions. We show that the macroscopic HHG can be expressed as a product of a macroscopic wave packet and a photorecombination cross section, where the former depends on laser and experimental conditions while the latter is the property of the target only. The factorization makes it possible to retrieve the single-atom or single-molecule structure information from experimental HHG spectra. As for the multiple molecular orbital contribution in HHG, it causes the disappearance of the minimum in the HHG spectrum of aligned N 2 with the increase of laser intensity, and the position of minimum in HHG spectrum of aligned CO 2 depending on many factors is also attributed to it, which could explain why the minima observed in different laboratories may differ. For an important application of HHG as ultrashort light source, we show that measured continuous harmonic spectrum of Xe due to the reshaping of the fundamental laser field can be used to produce an isolated attosecond pulse by spectral and spatial filtering in the far field. For on-going application of using HHG to ionize aligned molecules, we present the photoelectron angular distribution from aligned N 2 and CO 2 in the laboratory frame, which can be compared directly with future experiments. demonstrate that the available experimental HHG spectra with isotropic and aligned target media can be accurately reproduced theoretically even though the HHG spectra are sensitive to the experimental conditions. We show that the macroscopic HHG can be expressed as a product of a macroscopic wave packet and a photorecombination cross section, where the former depends on laser and experimental conditions while the latter is the property of the target only. The factorization makes it possible to retrieve the single-atom or single-molecule structure information from experimental HHG spectra. As for the multiple molecular orbital contribution in HHG, it causes the disappearance of the minimum in the HHG spectrum of aligned N 2 with the increase of laser intensity, and the position of minimum in HHG spectrum of aligned CO 2 depending on many factors is also attributed to it, which could explain why the minima observed in different laboratories may differ. For an important application of HHG as ultrashort light source, we show that measured continu...

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Attosecond Synchronization of High-Harmonic Soft X-rays

Cited by 803 publications

References 28 publications

High-Harmonic Spectroscopy: From Femtosecond to Attosecond Molecular Dynamics

High-Harmonic Spectroscopy: From Femtosecond to Attosecond Molecular Dynamics

MAKING OPTICAL WAVES, TRACING ELECTRONS IN REAL-TIME: THE ONSET OF THE ATTOSECOND REALM (Invited Review)

Theory of Nonlinear Propagation of High Harmonics Generated in a Gaseous Medium

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