“…In practical studies, barriers to medication adherence are usually presented as a series of single factors without a definite classification (Moss et al, 2014;Müller et al, 2015;Newman-Casey et al, 2015;Xavier et al, 2016). The common barriers to medication adherence for CVD include unaffordable costs, lack of belief in the necessity of medication, side effects of medication or medication concerns, complex regimens, forgetfulness, lack of family or social support, depression, lack of disease knowledge, and inconvenient access to medications or care (Choudhry et al, 2011;Nair et al, 2011;Müller et al, 2015;Zullig et al, 2015;Banerjee et al, 2016;Crawshaw et al, 2016;Xavier et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2019).…”