Areas affected by drought are increasing, and many lakes that provide potable water and recreation opportunities are located in drought-vulnerable areas. Understanding a population's attitudes toward conservation actions can improve communication initiatives, policy development, and education, which are all necessary for effective water resource management. However, little is known about stakeholders' interactions with drought-influenced resources and the potential factors that form their water conservation attitudes. Using a mixed methods approach, we evaluated lake recreationists' (n ¼ 229) attitudes toward water conservation at a drought-impacted lake. We identified the relationships between two site-specific factors (place attachment and awareness of drought impacts), beliefs in climate change, concern for drought impacts, and water conservation attitudes. Results indicated concern for local drought impacts fully mediated the relationships between site-specific factors, beliefs in climate change, and attitudes toward water conservation behaviors. Implications for research, outreach, and water resource management are discussed.The scientific community defines drought as below-normal precipitation over months to several years, segmented by varying degrees of severity (Dai 2011). It is one of the most devastating natural disasters and impacts millions of people annually (Wilhite 2000). The areas affected by drought are increasing due to global climate change and researchers project this trend to continue (Burke, Brown, and Christidis 2006). Global consumption of water is also rising due to increases in population, manufacturing, and agriculture (Kingsolver 2010).Generally, two options exist for water resource managers in a climate-and drought-influenced world: (1) use more diversified water sources (e.g., untapped aquifers), and (2) practice ethical water conservation (Lenton and Muller 2009). Since access to more water is not always an option, and since many water conservation actions occur at the household level, understanding factors that lead to positive water conservation attitudes can improve resource management (Keenan and Krannich 1997). Specifically, understanding a population's beliefs in environmental issues (such as climate change) and attitudes toward conservation actions can improve communication initiatives, policy development, and education (Jacobson 1999), all of which are necessary for effective water resource management (Lenton and Muller 2009).Household or individual concern and behavioral responses to environmental issues such as drought have interested researchers and managers for some time (for a review see Bamberg and Moser 2007; Heberlein 2012). A small sampling of this literature indicates that pro-environmental behavior and intentions are influenced by values and attitudes (Stern et al. 1999), environmental concern (Dunlap et al. 2000), situational factors (Corraliza and Berenguer 2000), place attachment (Halpenny 2010), and norms (Cialdini et al. 1990). However, a lack of literature a...