Attitudes of Students, Parents, and Teachers Toward Glasses Use in Rural China

Li, Liping; Lam, James; Lu, Yaogui; Ye, Yanru; Lam, Dennis S.C.; Gao, Yinyi; Sharma, Abhishek; Zhang, Mingzhi; Griffiths, Siân; Congdon, Nathan

doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.73

Cited by 83 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Concern over such potential harm is widespread in China [8][9][10] and has been identified as an important barrier to use of glasses by children needing them there 8,9 and elsewhere. 23,24 This study provides the strongest evidence to date of the visual safety of spectacle wear for children.…”

Section: Results From Itt Analysis In This Randomized Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Ma¹,

Congdon²,

Yi³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE: To study safety of children's glasses in rural China, where fear that glasses harm vision is an important barrier for families and policy makers.DESIGN: Exploratory analysis from a clusterrandomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.METHODS: Among primary schools (n [ 252) in western China, children were randomized by school to 1 of 3 interventions: free glasses provided in class, vouchers for free glasses at a local facility, or glasses prescriptions only (Control group). The main outcome of this analysis is uncorrected visual acuity after 8 months, adjusted for baseline acuity.RESULTS: Among 19 934 children randomly selected for screening, 5852 myopic (spherical equivalent refractive error £L0.5 diopters) eyes of 3001 children (14.7%, mean age 10.5 years) had VA £6/12 without glasses correctable to >6/12 with glasses, and were eligible. Among these, 1903 (32.5%), 1798 (30.7%), and 2151 (36.8%) were randomized to Control, Voucher, and Free Glasses, respectively. Intention-totreat analyses were performed on all 1831 (96.

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Section: Results From Itt Analysis In This Randomized Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Studies in China 8,9 and elsewhere 10 suggest that a major reason for this is the perception among children, parents, and teachers that glasses wear harms children's vision by worsening myopia. Concerns about the safety of glasses wear for children also influences policy makers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Ma¹,

Congdon²,

Yi³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…QUESTIONNAIRES: At baseline (September 2013, beginning of the school year), enumerators administered questionnaires to children concerning their age, their sex, urban vs rural residence, whether they were an only child, glasses wear, belief that wearing glasses harms vision (a common misapprehension in China), 8,10 family migrant status, and parental glasses wear, education, and place of residence/work (local vs elsewhere). A study-specific mathematics test was administered as an index of academic achievement.…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 However, programs in China, 3 Mexico, 6 and Africa 7 have reported poor compliance with free spectacles, with rates of observed, short-term wear at unannounced visits ranging from 13% to 41%. Factors limiting wear of glasses include discomfort or inconvenience, 6,8 concerns over being teased, 6,9 parental opposition, 6,10,11 lack of perceived need, 6,[8][9][10] and fear of damage to the eyes [8][9][10][11] (though a trial 4 has now demonstrated that spectacle wear is in fact protective against age-related declines in uncorrected visual acuity among children). Previous randomized trials of specially designed educational interventions promoting spectacle wear aimed at children, teachers, and parents have demonstrated very modest 3 or no 12 impact on observed use of glasses among children at unannounced follow-up visits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Free Glasses and a Teacher Incentive on Children's Use of Eyeglasses: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhang

et al. 2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE: To study the effect of free glasses combined with teacher incentives on in-school glasses wear among Chinese urban migrant children.DESIGN: Cluster-randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Children with visual acuity (VA) £6/12 in either eye owing to refractive error in 94 randomly chosen primary schools underwent randomization by school to receive free glasses, education on their use, and a teacher incentive (Intervention), or glasses prescriptions only (Control). Intervention group teachers received a tablet computer if ‡80% of children given glasses wore them during unannounced visits 6 weeks and 6 months (main outcome) after intervention. OR [ 43.7,.5, P < .001). Other predictors of observed wear at 6 months included baseline spectacle wear (P < .001), uncorrected VA <6/18 (P [ .01), and parental spectacle wear (P [ .02). The 6-month observed wear rate was only 41% among similar-aged children provided free glasses in our previous trial without teacher incentives.CONCLUSIONS: Free spectacles and teacher incentives maintain classroom wear in the large majority of children needing glasses over a school year. Low wear among Control children demonstrates the need for interventions. (Am J Ophthalmol 2015;160(5): 889-896. Ó 2015 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

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“…In their studies in rural Guangdong researchers from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University found that, of the junior high school students that were myopic, only 40% were wearing glasses (He et al, 2007). In another study in rural Guangdong, Li et al (2010) found that two thirds of children who were informed of their need to wear glasses on the basis of a high quality screening examination failed to obtain them. Glewee et al (2011) showed that for every 100 children that were myopic, less than three of them were wearing glasses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Vision Among China's Rural Primary School Students: Prevalence, Correlates and Consequences

Zhang

et al. 2017

SSRN Journal

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Using a survey of 19,977 children in two provinces, this paper explores the prevalence, correlates and potential consequences of poor vision among children in China's vast but understudied rural areas. We find that 24% of sample students suffer from reduced uncorrected visual acuity in either eye and 16% in both eyes. Poor vision is significantly correlated with individual, parental and family characteristics, with modest magnitudes for all correlates but home province and grade level. The results also suggest a possible adverse impact of poor vision on academic performance and mental health, particularly among students with severe poor vision.

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Attitudes of Students, Parents, and Teachers Toward Glasses Use in Rural China

Cited by 83 publications

References 30 publications

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Impact of Free Glasses and a Teacher Incentive on Children's Use of Eyeglasses: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Poor Vision Among China's Rural Primary School Students: Prevalence, Correlates and Consequences

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