Attitudes about Testicular Self-Examination among Polish Males

Milecki, Tomasz; Majchrzak, Natalia; Balcerek, Adam; Rembisz, Maciej; Kasperczak, Michał; Antczak, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/biology10030239

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Other Polish scientists have also reached similar conclusions [ 25 ].The authors show that 57.5% of Polish men do not perform TSE at all. Among the group of people who perform the test: 12% do it once a month, 5% once a quarter, and 26% once every six months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Other, less frequently indicated factors were: family history of TC, recommendation of a general practitioner (GP) and social campaigns. The paper [ 25 ] emphasizes the importance of discussion with GP about TC, therefore teaching TSE by a doctor increases the chances that the patient will perform it. A patient instructed by a doctor has more confidence that he/she performs the tests correctly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Awareness of testicular cancer among adult Polish men and their tendency for prophylactic self-examination: conclusions from Movember 2020 event

et al. 2022

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Background Testicular cancer (TC), due to its non-specific symptoms and occurrence in young men, is particularly dangerous. A critical point for early diagnosis is awareness of the disease and the willingness to perform a testicular self-examination (TSE). The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of 771 adult men about testicular cancer. Additionally, the sources of information on TC and TSE were analyzed and the influence of demographic factors on the willingness to join preventative programs was examined. Materials and methods The study was carried out during the Movember2020 campaign, where a testicular ultrasound was performed on participants. They were asked to complete a questionnaire with 26 questions to assess their knowledge. Results The results obtained in the study indicate a low level of knowledge (average 3.5 points out of 18) about TC. Living in a large city (OR = 1.467; p = 0.03), as well as an earlier conversation about TC (OR = 1.639; p = 0.002), increased the awareness about the disease. Additionally it showed that many participants do not perform TSE at all (52.4%) and that only few perform TSE frequently (18.4%). Relationship status (OR = 2.832; p < 0.001) and previous conversations about TC (OR = 1.546; p = 0.02) was reported to be the main contributing factors in males deciding to have TSE. Conclusions Our research indicates large educational neglect in terms of knowledge about TC and reluctance in performing TSE. It is worth carrying out preventative actions periodically on an increasing scale, not only for the screening of testicular cancer, but also to expand knowledge on this subject.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of testicular cancer among adult Polish men and their tendency for prophylactic self-examination: conclusions from Movember 2020 event

et al. 2022

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“…One potential solution is the development of trusted Internet resources for patients affiliated with renowned clinics or scientific bodies. Another option is the creation of social campaigns and awareness programs oriented at promoting testicular self-examination [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and early detection of testicular malignancies [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Examples of such initiatives are Testicular Cancer Awareness Month and Men’s Health Awareness Month, held every April and November, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few previous studies demonstrated that the knowledge of the early symptoms of testicular cancer among males at risk is suboptimal [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], with the practice of testicular self-examination, a basic screening test, not being as common as recommended [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. However, still little is known about the causes of diagnostic delay in men with testicular malignancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons behind the Delayed Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis

Cieślikowski

Kasperczak

Milecki

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The aim of the present study was to identify the reasons behind the delayed diagnosis of testicular cancer in a group of Polish males diagnosed with this malignancy in 2015–2016. The study included data from 72 patients aged between 18 and 69 years. Based on the median time elapsed to the testicular cancer diagnosis, the study patients were divided into the timely diagnosis group (diagnosis within 10 weeks from initial manifestation, n = 40) and the delayed diagnosis group (diagnosis > 10 weeks from initial manifestation, n = 32). Diagnosis of testicular cancer > 10 weeks after its initial manifestation was associated with less favorable survival (5-year overall survival: 78.1% [95% CI: 59.5–88.9%] vs. 92.5% [95% CI: 78.5–97.5%], p = 0.087). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified two independent predictors of the delayed diagnosis, age > 33 years (OR = 6.65, p = 0.020) and residence in the countryside (OR = 7.21, p = 0.012), with another two parameters, the lack of a regular intimate partner (OR = 3.32, p = 0.098) and the feeling of shame (OR = 8.13, p = 0.056), being at the verge of statistical significance. All the factors mentioned above should be considered during planning social campaigns aimed at the early detection of testicular malignancies, along with improving the quality and trustfulness of Internet-based information resources.

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“…5 TSE is a simple screening method that can assist identify abnormal changes in testis tissue and appearance. 4,6 For men over the age of 15, TSE is advised to be performed once per month. 6 There is evidence to suggest that men worldwide tend to have some basic knowledge of testicular cancer, but not about TSE.…”

Section: Background For the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of education given to university students on health beliefs and testicular self‐examination

Saygili Duzova,

Duzova,

Golcur

et al. 2023

Int J of Uro Nursing

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This research aims to evaluate the effect of group‐oriented peer education given to university students with testicular cancer on health beliefs and self‐examination. Is there a statistical difference in the average of health belief points of university students before education compared to after education? Testicular cancer is one of the most common cancers in young men aged 0–34 years, and is the third most common cancer in men worldwide. It ranks first among the most common types of cancer in men of the same age in Turkey. This research is a semi‐experimental quantitative study with a single group pre‐test and post‐test design. The students of the health care services and therapy rehabilitation department of a Turkish state university participated in the study. The number of students to be included in the study was determined as n = 78 when the calculation was made according to the sample selection formula for the group whose universe was known. Data were obtained from the personal information form, the testicular cancer and testicular self‐examination‐related health beliefs scale, and the self‐examination form. This study followed the ethical directions of the Helsinki Declaration. Ethics committee approval and institutional permission were obtained before the study was conducted. The students were informed about the purpose of the research, and their consent was obtained to participate in the research. Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon, and chi‐square analyses were performed for data analysis. A significant difference was found between pre‐test and post‐test scores of severity and care, benefit and health motivation, barriers, and self‐efficacy (p < 0.05). In the study, it was determined that group‐oriented peer education was effective in promoting testicular self‐examination. Experimental studies with larger study groups are recommended to increase testicular self‐examination. Practice educational initiatives should be planned to encourage nurses to perform testicular self‐exam in the best environment and education model where they can reach men in the risk group between the ages of 15–25 organization of planned trainings for men. This study is the small sample size. A larger and more representative sample of students from the social and health departments of different faculties would have provided more reliable results.

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Attitudes about Testicular Self-Examination among Polish Males

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Awareness of testicular cancer among adult Polish men and their tendency for prophylactic self-examination: conclusions from Movember 2020 event

Awareness of testicular cancer among adult Polish men and their tendency for prophylactic self-examination: conclusions from Movember 2020 event

Reasons behind the Delayed Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis

The effect of education given to university students on health beliefs and testicular self‐examination

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