Attitude ambivalence, social norms, and behavioral intentions: Developing effective antitobacco persuasive communications.

Hohman, Zachary P.; Crano, William D.; Niedbala, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1037/adb0000126

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, it is possible that health communication campaigns would be most effective in changing opinions (and also cost-efficient), if they focused on individuals in the middle (i.e., those that hold – or at are exposed to – neutral opinions, ambivalent opinions, or no opinions at all). This communication strategy would be consistent with recent evidence indicating that providing information about anti-tobacco social norms decreases tobacco attitudes for emerging adults exposed to ambivalent tobacco messaging (Hohman, Crano, & Niedbala, 2016). However, to our knowledge, there is a noticeable gap in the literature on methods to segment audiences in social media for public health.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Because neutral views were expressed by those more loosely clustered, they were less likely to be exposed to strong positions about e-cigarettes from others in their local clusters. Interestingly, neutral views in the loosely clustered groups were unstable over time, suggesting they may be less fixed in their views and thus may be better targets for e-cigarette-related health campaign messages (Hohman et al, 2016). While previous research suggests that e-cigarette discussions on Twitter are generally positive in the aggregate (Cole-Lewis et al, 2015), our results indicate that pro-and anti-cigarette sentiment are both well represented within different segments of users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies to find audience segments on Twitter for e-cigarette education campaigns

Chu

Allem

Unger

et al. 2019

Addictive Behaviors

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The development of public health education campaigns about tobacco products requires an understanding of specific audience segments including their views, intentions, use of media, perceived barriers, and benefits of change. For example, identifying and targeting individuals who express ambivalence about e-cigarette use on Twitter may be helpful in devising and focusing public health campaigns to reduce e-cigarette use. This study developed a novel analytic strategy using social network analysis to identify audience segments on Twitter based on positive, negative, and neutral e-cigarette sentiment. Using Twitter data collected from April 2015 to March 2016, we identified different sub-groups of users who retweeted about e-cigarettes, and measured each subgroup’s clustering coefficient (CC), which describes how tightly people cluster together. Ten high CC and ten low CC groups were randomly selected; then 100 randomly selected tweets from each group were coded for e-cigarette sentiment (positive, negative, neutral). Results indicate that differences in e-cigarette sentiment are associated with clustering of Twitter network ties. Statistical analyses revealed that high CC groups were more likely to have strong e-cigarette sentiments, suggesting that tightly clustered groups may be “echo chambers” (i.e., like-minded people repeating the same messages). By contrast, low CC groups were more likely to have neutral sentiments, and had greater fluctuation in sentiment over time, suggesting that they may be more flexible in their opinions about e-cigarettes and may be particularly receptive to targeted public health campaigns. Informatics techniques such as determination of clusters using social network analysis can be useful in identifying audience segments for future public health campaigns.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to find audience segments on Twitter for e-cigarette education campaigns

Chu

Allem

Unger

et al. 2019

Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More broadly, our results support that the utility of normative information is likely to be dependent on the strength of patients’ own beliefs. If genome sequencing preferences are strongly held, normative information is likely to be less consequential than in situations where the best course of action has not yet been decided (Hohman et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of perceived norms with intentions to learn genomic sequencing results: Roles for attitudes and ambivalence.

et al. 2018

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Objective Genomic sequencing is becoming increasingly accessible, highlighting the need to understand the social and psychological factors that drive interest in receiving testing results. These decisions may depend on perceived descriptive norms (how most others behave) and injunctive norms (what is approved of by others). We predicted that descriptive norms would be directly associated with intentions to learn genomic sequencing results, whereas injunctive norms would be associated indirectly, via attitudes. These differential associations with intentions versus attitudes were hypothesized to be strongest when individuals held ambivalent attitudes toward obtaining results. Methods Participants enrolled in a genomic sequencing trial (n=372) reported intentions to learn medically actionable, non-medically actionable, and carrier sequencing results. Descriptive norms items referenced other study participants. Injunctive norms were analyzed separately for close friends and family members. Attitudes, attitudinal ambivalence, and sociodemographic covariates were also assessed. Results In structural equation models, both descriptive norms and friend injunctive norms were associated with intentions to receive all sequencing results (ps<.004). Attitudes consistently mediated all friend injunctive norms-intentions associations, but not the descriptive norms-intentions associations. Attitudinal ambivalence moderated the association between friend injunctive norms (p≤.001), but not descriptive norms (p=.16), and attitudes. Injunctive norms were significantly associated with attitudes when ambivalence was high, but were unrelated when ambivalence was low. Results replicated for family injunctive norms. Conclusions Descriptive and injunctive norms play roles in genomic sequencing decisions. Considering mediators and moderators of these processes enhances ability to optimize use of normative information to support informed decision making.

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“…Study condition was entered as a manifest variable where the risk messaging condition and was coded as 1 and the control condition was coded as 0. The structural model was based on guiding theoretical models characterizing the potential mediating roles of risk appraisals, attitudes, and ambivalence following exposure to study messages (Ajzen, 2001;Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010;Hohman et al, 2016;Lipkus & Noonan, 2017;Slovic et al, 2004). Specifically, we tested if risk appraisals were associated with attitudes, ambivalence, and willingness to smoke hookah and modeled the indirect effects of messages on willingness to smoke hookah tobacco through risk appraisals, attitudes, and ambivalence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another line of research has examined ambivalence, or the extent to which young people feel conflict about risk behaviors like tobacco use, as a psychological construct that risk messages can affect to motivate behavior change (Hohman, Crano, & Niedbala, 2016). For example, young adults who are ambivalent about smoking cigarettes have greater desire to quit (Lipkus, Green, Feaganes, & Sedikides, 2001) and are more likely to seek out information about tobacco (Zhao & Cai, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of risk messages on risk appraisals, attitudes, ambivalence, and willingness to smoke hookah in young adults

Mays

Johnson

Phan

et al. 2020

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

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Objective: We examined effects of hookah tobacco risk messages on risk appraisals, attitudes towards hookah, ambivalence about hookah use, and willingness to smoke in young adults aged 18-30 years (n = 234). Design: In an online experiment, participants completed preexposure measures and were randomized to hookah tobacco risk messages or to a no message control condition. Main Outcome Measures: Risk appraisals, attitudes, ambivalence, and willingness to smoke hookah. Results: Those who viewed risk messages reported greater risk appraisals (M 4.50, SD 1.17 vs. M 3.87, SD 1.16, p < .001), less positive attitudes (M −0.56, SD 1.24, vs. M 0.39, SD 1.35, p < .001), greater ambivalence (M 3.86, SD 1.26, vs. M 3.08, SD 1.32, p < .001), and less willingness to smoke than controls (M 4.48, SD 1.27, vs. M 4.85, SD 1.37, p = .034). Structural equation modeling demonstrated messages reduced willingness to smoke by evoking less positive attitudes (b = −0.15, 95% CI −0.32, −0.05) and by the effect of heightened risk appraisals on less positive attitudes (b = −0.14, 95% CI −0.30, −0.07). Conclusions: Honing messages and understanding their mechanisms of action are necessary to produce more effective interventions to address hookah and other tobacco use in young adults.

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Attitude ambivalence, social norms, and behavioral intentions: Developing effective antitobacco persuasive communications.

Cited by 36 publications

References 93 publications

Strategies to find audience segments on Twitter for e-cigarette education campaigns

Strategies to find audience segments on Twitter for e-cigarette education campaigns

Associations of perceived norms with intentions to learn genomic sequencing results: Roles for attitudes and ambivalence.

Effect of risk messages on risk appraisals, attitudes, ambivalence, and willingness to smoke hookah in young adults

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