Attenuation of the plasma corticosterone response to handling and electric shock stimulation in the infant rat

Ader, Robert; Friedman, Stanford B.; Grota, Lee J.; Schaefer, Arlene B.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(68)90109-1

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…1). More specifically, concentrations of plasma corticosterone are lower in adult rats handled early in life compared to non-handled (NH) controls following exposure to novel stimuli (Levine, Haltmeyer, Karas, & Denenberg, 1967) or to subsequent handling (Ader, Stanford, Friedman, Grota, & Schaefer, 1968). In contrast, elevations in plasma corticosterone following electric shock are more rapid and initially higher in animals handled in infancy (Levine, 1962).…”

Section: Importance Of Early-life Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in handled rats there is a more rapid return to basal levels after noxious stimulation (Haltemeyer, Denenberg, & Zarrow, 1967). Thus, rats handled in infancy seem to be endowed with improved differential response to varying intensities of stressful stimuli (but see Ader, 1970; Ader et al, 1968). They perceive and respond to mild challenging stimuli that are associated with improved cognitive function, yet recover more rapidly from strong stressors that might have adverse effects on neuronal function (Chen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Importance Of Early-life Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticity of the stress response early in life: Mechanisms and significance

Kőrösi¹,

Baram²

2010

Developmental Psychobiology

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The concept that early-life experience influences the brain long-term has been extensively studied over the past 50 years, whereas genetic factors determine the sequence and levels of expression of specific neuronal genes, this genetic program can be modified enduringly as a result of experience taking place during critical developmental periods. This programming is of major importance because it appears to govern many behavioral and physiological phenotypes and promote susceptibility or resilience to disease. An established example of the consequences of early-life experience-induced programming includes the effects of maternal care, where patterns of augmented care result in decreased neuroendocrine stress responses, improved cognition and resilience to depression in the recipients of this care. Here, we discuss the nature and mechanisms of this programming phenomenon, focusing on work from our lab that was inspired by Seymour Levine and his fundamental contributions to the field.

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Section: Importance Of Early-life Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Early-life Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of the stress response early in life: Mechanisms and significance

Kőrösi¹,

Baram²

2010

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Since handling has been used by some investigators (e.g., Ader, Friedman, Grota, & Schaefer, 1968) to elicit a pituitary-adrenal response, it appeared essential to incorporate a separation-reunion condition in order to control for the effects of handling and capture. The plasma cortisol levels in response to separation and separation-reunion were compared to the basal hormone levels, which were obtained by rapidly sampling the mother and infant immediately following capture from the home cage without prior manipulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate Vocalization: A Psychobiological Approach

Levine

Wiener²,

Coe³

et al. 1987

Child Development

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Scientific inquiry, for the most part, can be described as parochial. Not only are there clear demarcations between broad disciplinary categories (i.e., anatomy, physiology, psychology), but subspecialties are common within disciplines. Modern technology has made possible a trend toward greater and greater specialization. In fact, there are now areas of scientific investigation that did not exist a few years ago. This increasing specialization and its concomitant reductionism is not without its pitfalls and problems. There is a tendency to move away from the basic evolutionary concept of living organisms as organized systems functioning and adapting within an ecosystem. The laboratory scientist often ignores the inherent organization of living systems in favor of an intense pursuit of his or her particular chosen bit of the biological puzzle. However, there are still disciplines that not only subscribe to the notion of living organisms as organized systems but have made a valiant attempt to bring this concept under laboratory scrutiny. Often, in order to identify these endeavors, a technique is used to combine two or three words into one. Thus, we have several flourishing disciplines described as psychoneuroimmunology, psychoneuroendocrinology, neurochemistry, physiosociology, and so on. For the investigator who attempts a more integrated approach to the broad biological and psychological universe, the demands are heavy. He or she is faced with the need to maintain credibility in several disciplines, each of which is advancing at an accelerated pace. However, we feel that the value of an integrated approach that crosses traditional disciplinary lines will be illustrated in a small way by this article and, we hope, by the series of articles presented in this symposium section of Child Development.

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“…Androgens reduce 5HT levels and seem to block the effects of estrogen (12), perhaps by inhibiting ovarian secretion (29). In contrast, the cold treatment, as reported here, produces elevations in 5HT levels in both sexes, though not before day 16-the time at which maturation of pituitary-adrenal function occurs (21)(22)(23). Cold treatment may also bring on persistent changes in other components of the serotonergic system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…We found that cold treatment caused a delayed elevation in 5HT levels in our fore-and midbrain preparation. duced rise in serotonin level first appeared on day 16, the time in postnatal life of the rat associated with maturation of several parameters of the hypothalamie-pituitary-adrenal axis, including diurnal variation of corticotrophin releasing factor and stress-induced release of ACTH and corticosterone (21)(22)(23)(24). A serotonin-related locomotor behavior is also reported to develop around postnatal day 15 (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Altered Development of the Rat Brain Serotonergic System after Disruptive Neonatal Experience

Giulian

McEwen

Pohorecky

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A single disruptive experience, a cold treatment, on postnatal day 1 elevated open-field activity and reduced reaction to handling in rats tested more than 240 days later. Neurochemical mechanisms underlying these behavioral phenomena were examined by monitoring the development of the rat brain serotonergic system. After cold treatment, elevations in 5-hydroxytryptamine levels of a preparation of forebrain plus midbrain could be first detected on postnatal day 16 in both sexes. A more detailed regional dissection of the brain showed that such increases occurred in the cerebrum, midbrain, septum-thalamus, and hypothalamus-preoptic area. Rats treated on pontnatal days' l or 6 showed increased 5-hydroxytryptamine le'vels, whereas animals treated on postnatal day 10 did not, a finding that points to a possible "critical period" of sensitivity. Hormone Treatments and Adrenalectomy. We tested the possibility that the effects of cold treatment may be mediated through the steroid hormones-testosterone, estradiol, or corticosterone-which play important roles in early' development of the rat (6). Neonates were removed from the nesting box during the first postnatal day of life and injected subcutaneously. Gonadal hormone-treated groups received 100 ug suspended in 0.05 ml of sesame oil) of the androgen, testosterone propionate (Calbiochem), or Qf the estrogen, estradiol benzoate (Steraloids; Pawling, N.Y.). Corticosterone groups were injected with 25 uIg of corticosterone (Steraloids), suspended in 0.05 ml of a 1.5% (v/v) benzobenzoate-sesame oil solution. We selected these pharmacological co0es of the steroids (known to have long-term neueroendocrine inflfience.) in order to parallel other developmental studies (12)(13)(14). Control

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Attenuation of the plasma corticosterone response to handling and electric shock stimulation in the infant rat

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Plasticity of the stress response early in life: Mechanisms and significance

Plasticity of the stress response early in life: Mechanisms and significance

Primate Vocalization: A Psychobiological Approach

Altered Development of the Rat Brain Serotonergic System after Disruptive Neonatal Experience

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