Attenuation of sound in glacier ice from 2 to 35 kHz

Meyer, Alexander; Eliseev, D.; Heinen, D.; Linder, Peter; Scholz, Franziska; Weinstock, Lars Steffen; Wiebusch, C. H.; Zierke, S.

doi:10.5194/tc-13-1381-2019

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Data and experience from the EnEx-RANGE and SPATS can be used for an estimation. Measurements in shallow depth by SPATS indicate an attenuation length of almost 300 m [10], while EnEx-RANGE measurements [21] in a tempered Alpine glacier give smaller values of 5 m to 10 m. With the ice at larger depth being of similar quality as in SPATS depth but slightly warmer in temperature, we expect an attenuation length substantially larger than for EnEx-RANGE but smaller than measured in SPATS. Trilateration data from EnEx-RANGE field tests can be used to estimate the acoustic range as a function of the estimated attenuation length as shown in figure 5.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2019)1030mentioning

confidence: 83%

An Acoustic Calibration System for the IceCube Upgrade

Wiebusch¹,

Heinen²,

Shefali³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019)

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Section: Pos(icrc2019)1030mentioning

confidence: 83%

An Acoustic Calibration System for the IceCube Upgrade

Wiebusch¹,

Heinen²,

Shefali³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019)

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“…During a measurement at the Langenferner glacier in Italy, the APU achieved an SNR of 100 at a distance of ≈ 30 m from APU to APU by averaging 64 waveforms [12]. The attenuation length of the glacial ice was measured to be ≈ 8.85 ± 0.95 m [13]. In the Antarctic ice, however, measurements by SPATS at shallow depths (≈ 500 m) resulted in an attenuation length of approx.…”

Section: Range Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Studies of the Acoustic Module for the IceCube Upgrade

Günther¹,

Benning²,

Borowka³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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The IceCube Upgrade will augment the existing IceCube Neutrino Observatory by deploying 700 additional optical sensor modules and calibration devices within its center at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 km in the Antarctic ice. One goal of the Upgrade is to improve the positioning calibration of the optical sensors to increase the angular resolution for neutrino directional reconstruction. An acoustic calibration system will be deployed to explore the capability of achieving this using trilateration of propagation times of acoustic signals. Ten Acoustic Modules (AM) capable of sending and receiving acoustic signals with frequencies from 5 to 30 kHz will be installed within the detector volume. Additionally, compact acoustic sensors inside 15 optical sensor modules will complement the acoustic calibration system. With this system, we aim for an accuracy of a few tens of cm to localize the Acoustic Modules and sensors. Due to the longer attenuation length of sound compared to light within the ice, acoustic position calibration is especially interesting for the upcoming IceCube-Gen2 detector, which will have a string spacing of around 240 m. In this contribution we present an overview of the technical design of the Acoustic Module as well as results of performance tests with a first complete prototype.

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“…Figure 15 shows the measured attenuation data in comparison with available attenuation data measured from various ice sources, such as temperate, shallower glacier regions [15][16][17] and sea ice [18,19]. The associated error for each data point represents the range of fluctuations within the measured data.…”

Section: Acoustic Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through-Ice Acoustic Communication for Ocean Worlds Exploration

Lee,

Bar-Cohen,

Badescu

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Subsurface exploration of ice-covered planets and moons presents communications challenges because of the need to communicate through kilometers of ice. The objective of this task is to develop the capability to wirelessly communicate through kilometers of ice and thus complement the potentially failure-prone tethers deployed behind an ice-penetrating probe on Ocean Worlds. In this paper, the preliminary work on the development of wireless deep-ice communication is presented and discussed. The communication test and acoustic attenuation measurements in ice have been made by embedding acoustic transceivers in glacial ice at the Matanuska Glacier, Anchorage, Alaska. Field test results show that acoustic communication is viable through ice, demonstrating the transmission of data and image files in the 13–18 kHz band over 100 m. The results suggest that communication over many kilometers of ice thickness could be feasible by employing reduced transmitting frequencies around 1 kHz, though future work is needed to better constrain the likely acoustic attenuation properties through a refrozen borehole.

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Attenuation of sound in glacier ice from 2 to 35 kHz

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

An Acoustic Calibration System for the IceCube Upgrade

An Acoustic Calibration System for the IceCube Upgrade

Performance Studies of the Acoustic Module for the IceCube Upgrade

Through-Ice Acoustic Communication for Ocean Worlds Exploration

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