Attenuation of shock waves by granular filters

Bakken, Jon Arne; Slungaard, T.; Engebretsen, T.; Christensen, S. O.

doi:10.1007/s00193-003-0180-7

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Mechanical excitations above 10 kHz also seriously deteriorate the linear operation of any spring-mass-type MED such as a sensor or actuator. Therefore, an effective method for isolating MEDs from transient high-frequency mechanical excitations is in strong demand and appears to be one of the most remarkable achievements in the design of MEDs [41][42][43][44]. Biomimetically inspired from the spongy bone within a woodpecker's skull, Yoon et al [12] presented woodpecker-inspired shock isolation with which to protect MEDs in high-g military applications accompanied by mechanical shock excitations to tens of thousands of g and to several hundred kilohertz.…”

Section: Woodpecker-inspired Shock-absorbing System or Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanism of impact resistance in the woodpecker’s head and its application

Wang

Liu

et al. 2013

Sci. China Life Sci.

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The woodpecker does not suffer head/eye impact injuries while drumming on a tree trunk with high acceleration (more than 1000×g) and high frequency. The mechanism that protects the woodpecker's head has aroused the interest of ornithologists, biologists and scientists in the areas of mechanical engineering, material science and electronics engineering. This article reviews the literature on the biomechanisms and materials responsible for protecting the woodpecker from head impact injury and their applications in engineering and human protection. Traumatic brain injury as a consequence of head impact injury has been a leading cause of morbidity and death in war, aviation and road accidents and sports collisions [1][2][3]. However, the woodpecker repeatedly strikes its head against trees without suffering head injury when drumming a trunk continually at a speed of 6-7 m s 1 and acceleration of ~1000×g [4][5][6][7]. The woodpecker rhythmically drums surfaces such as dead tree limbs and metal poles with its beak to catch worms to eat, attract a mate or announce its territorial boundaries [7,8]. The woodpecker's resistance to head impact injury is a prime example of adaptive natural evolution over millions of years [9], and has been of interest not only to ornithologists and biologists but also to researchers in the fields of mechanical engineering, medical engineering, material science and electronics engineering [4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13].Researchers have explored the mechanism of how a woodpecker avoids head impact injury [4][5][6]14,15] and searched for clues that will help in developing a bionics shock-absorbing system or device for engineering purposes or human protection [10][11][12][13]. This paper presents an overview of the biomechanism that prevents the woodpecker from suffering head impact injury and its applications.

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Section: Woodpecker-inspired Shock-absorbing System or Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanism of impact resistance in the woodpecker’s head and its application

Wang

Liu

et al. 2013

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…With regard to the densely packed particles, the research studies were mainly focused on the shock attenuation performance of the densely packed particle layer and on the final maximum velocity of particles [21][22][23][24]. However, the initial driving stage may show some special movement phenomena, for example, the particle jet in the explosion-driven particle dispersal [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Moving Mechanism of Densely‐Packed Particles Driven by a Planar Shock Wave

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Shock and Vibration

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The initial moving mechanism of densely packed particles driven by shock waves is unclear but vital for the next accurate calculation of the problem. Here, the initial motion details are investigated experimentally and numerically. We found that before particles show notable motion, shock waves complete reflection and transmission, and stress waves propagate downstream on particle skeleton. Due to the particle stress wave, particles successively accelerate and obtain an axial velocity of 6–8 m/s. Then, the blocked gas pushes the upstream particles integrally to move downstream, while the gas flow in the pores drags the downstream particles to separate dramatically and accelerate to the velocity of 60–70 m/s. This gas push-drag dual mechanism transforms densely packed particles into a dense gas-particle cloud, which behaves as the expansion phenomena of the dense particles.

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“…The theoretical and numerical investigations of the behavior of granu lar media under the action of a shock wave load were carried out in [7]. In [8], empirical relationships were obtained that make it possible to calculate the param eters of attenuation of a shock wave upon its interac tion with a granular filter depending on its mechanical characteristics. An efficient method of attenuation of the effect of a blast wave is the placement of the source of the explosion into a medium that includes several different phases, for example, water foam or gas bub bles in an aqueous solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%