In most cell types constitutive and ligandinduced apoptosis is a caspase-dependent process. In neutrophils, however, the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk enhances tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF␣)-induced cell death, and this has been interpreted as evidence for caspase-dependent and -independent cell death pathways. Our aim was to determine the specificity of the effect of z-VADfmk in neutrophils and define the potential mechanism of action. While confirming that z-VAD-fmk (> 100 M) enhances TNF␣-induced neutrophil apoptosis, lower concentrations (1-30 M) completely blocked TNF␣-stimulated apoptosis. Boc-D-fmk, a similar broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, and z-IETD-fmk, a selective caspase-8 inhibitor, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of only TNF␣-stimulated apoptosis. Moreover, the caspase-9 inhibitor, Ac-LEHDcmk, had no effect on TNF␣-induced apoptosis, and z-VAD-fmk and Boc-D-fmk inhibited TNF␣-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These data suggest that TNF␣-induced apoptosis in neutrophils is fully caspase dependent and uses a mitochondrial-independent pathway and that the proapoptotic effects of z-VAD-fmk are compound specific and ROS independent. (Blood. 2005;105: 2970-2972)