Attenuation of colitis injury in rats using Garcinia cambogia extract

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic enteropathies that probably result from a dysregulated mucosal immune response. These pathologies are characterized by oxidative and nitrosative stress, leukocyte infiltration and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory substances. Current IBD treatment presents limitations in both efficacy and safety that stimulated the search for new active compounds. Garcinia cambogia extract has attracted interest due to its pharmacological properties, including gastroprotective effects. In this study, the antiinflammatory activity of a garcinia extract was assessed in TNBS-induced colitis rats. The results obtained revealed that garcinia administration to colitic rats significantly improved the macroscopic damage and caused substantial reductions in increases in MPO activity, COX-2 and iNOS expression. In addition, garcinia extract treatment was able to reduce PGE(2) and IL-1beta colonic levels. These antiinflammatory actions could be related to a reduction in DNA damage in isolated colonocytes, observed with the comet assay. Finally, garcinia extract caused neither mortality nor toxicity signals after oral administration. As such, the antiinflammatory effects provided by the Garcinia cambogia extract result in an improvement of several parameters analysed in experimental colitis and could provide a source for the search for new antiinflammatory compounds useful in IBD treatment.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) Can Reduce Levels of Oxidative DNA Damage in Cells of Colonic Mucosa With and Without Fecal Stream

“…This method recognizes oxidized bases, and this assay has been used to determine oxidative DNA damage, which has been implicated in several health conditions [59]. Few studies have assessed the levels of oxidative tissue damage in experimental models of colitis using the comet assay [38,39,62]. The results of these studies revealed that levels of oxidative DNA damage were related to histological features characteristic of colitis, thereby confirming the validity of this method in assessment of oxidative tissue damage [38].…”

“…3 Levels of DNA damage after ex vivo H 2 O 2 challenge in colon epithelial cells in segments with and without fecal stream, 2 and 4 weeks after daily irrigation with enemas containing saline solution or 5-ASA, respectively. ** P \ 0.01; AU arbitrary units level of individual cells [59][60][61][62][63][64]. It combines the simplicity of biochemical techniques for detecting DNA single-strand breaks (strand breaks and incomplete excision repair sites), alkali-labile sites, and cross-linking.…”

A Systematic Review for Anti-Inflammatory Property of Clusiaceae Family: A Preclinical Approach

“…The G. cambogia extract effectively reduced colonic IL-1 β expression and was also effective in inhibiting the iNOS colonic expression induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). It was found that the administration of the extract caused a substantial reduction in the COX-2 expression, as well as in the upregulation of PGE 2 caused by TNBS in the colon [24]. …”

Dietary Agents and Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Experimental Ulcerative Colitis

“…It has been shown that the fruit extract possesses hypolipidemic properties and anti-adipogenic and appetite-suppressor effects. [116117] A recent finding suggests that the extract blocked TNBS-induced colitis in rats by preventing epithelial damage, decreasing the activity of MPO, decreasing the expression of COX-2 and iNOS, reducing colonic PGE2 and IL-1β levels, and reducing epithelial cell DNA damage. [117]…”