Attenuated hemispheric asymmetry in metaphor processing among adults with ADHD.

Segal, Dorit; Shalev, Lilach; Mashal, Nira

doi:10.1037/neu0000370

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Thus, it is not surprising that bilinguals as well as monolinguals showed a left hemisphere advantage for familiar metaphor processing. These results support previous reports of a LH advantage in monolinguals (Faust & Mashal, 2007; Segal et al, 2017) and in bilinguals when tested in their dominant (Faust, Ben-Artzi, & Vardi, 2012; Mashal et al, 2015) and non-dominant languages (Briellmann et al, 2004; Hull & Vaid, 2007; Vingerhoets et al, 2003). In other words, although bilinguals scored lower than monolinguals in all English proficiency tests, and they recognized fewer metaphors, they still appeared to access metaphors in the left-hemisphere automatically via a search for “stored lexical units” (activated in the LH) rather than by looking for distant semantic associations (activated in the RH).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The question is does that also apply to metaphor processing? 1 One way to address this question is to examine the hemispheric processing of metaphors, since familiar (conventional) metaphors were processed differently from nonfamiliar (novel) metaphors by the left versus the right hemispheres in monolinguals. Several studies have suggested that familiar metaphors are lexicalized, and therefore are processed more efficiently in the left hemisphere (LH; Faust & Mashal, 2007; Segal, Shalev, & Mashal, 2017), which focuses on a single dominant interpretation (fine semantic coding) and closely related semantic associations (Beeman, 1998; Jung-Beeman, 2005). In contrast, novel and unfamiliar metaphors are processed more efficiently in the right hemisphere (RH), which loosely activates and maintains large semantic fields of distant associates (coarse semantic coding).…”

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confidence: 99%

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What’s left for balanced bilinguals? Language proficiency and item familiarity affect left-hemisphere specialization in metaphor processing.

Segal¹,

Gollan²

2018

Neuropsychology

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These results suggest that even though bilinguals are less efficient, they rely on the same underlying cognitive mechanisms as monolinguals in linguistic processing of metaphors. Moreover, whereas the right hemisphere is coarsely affected by language proficiency, the left hemisphere, and metaphor processing therein, is more sensitive to small variations in linguistic experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

What’s left for balanced bilinguals? Language proficiency and item familiarity affect left-hemisphere specialization in metaphor processing.

Segal¹,

Gollan²

2018

Neuropsychology

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“…Participants were instructed to respond to a target-stimulus (circle or triangle), appearing inside a cued (a light flashing briefly) or an un-cued rectangle, located to the right or left of a fixation point. The performance ratio of response time to invalid-cue trials (the target is not on the cued rectangle), vs. valid-cue trials serves as an index of the ability to orient to stimulus location [23,53].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To eliminate trials with exceptionally long latencies in the selective-, orienting- and executive-attention tasks, we calculated mean RTs for correct responses for each condition, after excluding trials in which RT exceeded 4000 ms, and trials in which RT deviated more than 2 standard deviations from the participant's mean RT. In accordance with previous studies [52,53], we extracted for the selective-, orienting- and executive-attention tasks a single summarizing measure—inverse efficiency index [IEI]. As the IEI included a skewed RTs distribution, it was transformed to a natural log, reflecting the performance efficiency of the corresponding attention function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexity of the interaction between binge-eating and attention

et al. 2019

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Objective To investigate whether binge-eating in patients with eating disorders (EDs) is associated with attentional deficits. Methods We studied ED patients with binge-eating (n = 51), no binge-eating (n = 59) and controls (n = 58). ED patients were assessed following the stabilization of weight and ED pathology. Attention assessment included evaluation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis, the Adult ADHD Self-Report (ASRS) and ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Home Version (ADHD-RS) questionnaires, and attention functioning assessed with neuropsychological tools. The severity of eating-related pathology, depression, anxiety and obsessionality was also monitored. Results Patients with binge-eating showed more ADHD symptomatology on the ADHD-RS compared with non-binge-eating patients. No differences were found between binge-eating and non-binge-eating patients in ADHD diagnosis and neuropsychological functioning. Among the specific ED subtypes, patients with anorexia nervosa binge/purge type (AN-B/P) showed the highest rates of ADHD symptomatology on the ADHD-RS, and were characterized with sustained attention deficits. Conclusion Binge-eating is not associated with attention deficits as measured by objective neuropsychological tools. Nonetheless, it is associated with attentional difficulties as measured with the self-reported ADHD-RS. AN-B/P patients are the only ED category showing objective sustained attention deficits.

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“…Abnormalities in cerebral lateralization and hemispheric asymmetries have been reported in ADHD (Doi & Shinohara, 2017;Douglas et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019;Segal et al, 2017) and ASD (Carper et al, al., 2016;Doi & Shinohara, 2017;Fu et al, 2020;Wei et al, 2018) and can be explained in particular by asymmetrical distributions in neurotransmission linked to the cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic systems (Klimkeit and Bradshaw, 2006). Kaufman et al (2010) suggested that creative cognition could lie in hemispheric asymmetry and the meta-analysis of Mihov et al (2010) highlighted the lateralization during creative thinking.…”

Section: A) Lateralization Of Brain Functions and Cerebral Asymmetriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASD and ADHD as syndromes of high creativity - Le TSA et le TDAH comme syndromes de haute créativité

Rebecchi¹

2023

Preprint

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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) really appeared in their current meaning under the labels "Attention Deficit Disorder" and "Infantile Autism" in the third version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980. Thus, their pathological and psychiatric status was officially established. Researchers therefore focus mainly on deficits and impairments and forget the other side of the coin, namely the positive aspects and strengths of autistic and hyperactive people. However, for several decades, the positive aspects and strengths have been noted by scientists and expressed by the individuals concerned. The central question of this article is to question the creative and scientific skills of ADHD and ASD individuals. This article highlights the links between psychopathologies and creativity, the relationships and overlaps between ASD and creativity, ADHD and creativity, as well as a review of physiological evidence of the common characteristics of ASD-ADHD-creativity in particular concerning lateralization of brain functions and cerebral asymmetries, variations in concentrations and receptors in neurotransmission systems and gene related, attentional states of consciousness and default mode network, cognitive disinhibition and latent inhibition deficit, hyperconnectivity and highly cerebral excitability, personality and temperament.I propose a rereading of ADHD and ASD which are usually analyzed through a localization model highlighting some non-pathognomonic behaviors and from a pathological angle. Here, the connectionist model highlights variations in the concentrations and receptors of γ-aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine, dopamine, glutamic acid and serotonin, thus causing changes in basic cognitive functioning and increased creative thinking. This attempt to analyze the characteristics of ADHD and ASD in cognitive neurogenetics highlights that this creative thinking is pervasive and will materialize in the individuals involved in their areas of interest and expertise (causing goal-oriented motivation in ADHD and developed to understand the environment, making the world coherent, socializing, expressing oneself in ASD) at the levels of divergent and convergent thinking (related to boredom intolerance, impulsivity and spontaneous thinking in ADHD and attention to detail, abstract and schematic thinking, extensive systematization and reintegration abilities, hyperfocusing abilities, and compulsive ritualistic repetition in ASD), and a specific default mode network and the ability to switch between attentional states of consciousness (leading to high sensitivity and risk-seeking situations in ADHD and to environmental ordering in ASD) from real-life situations, and open-ended and abstract problems and situations.Thus, these characteristics could allow ADHD and ASD to be considered as high creativity syndromes, provoking an irrepressible creative impulse in ADHD and ASD individuals, and creating a double stigma related to the pathologization of their difference and the social treatment reserved for creative people.RésuméLe trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) et le trouble du spectre autistique (TSA) sont véritablement apparus dans leur acception actuelle sous les étiquettes « trouble déficitaire de l'attention » et « autisme infantile » dans la troisième version du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux en 1980. Ainsi, leur statut pathologique et psychiatrique a été officiellement établi. Les chercheurs se concentrent donc principalement sur les déficits et les déficiences et oublient l'autre côté de la médaille, à savoir les aspects positifs et les forces des personnes autistes et hyperactives. Cependant, depuis plusieurs décennies, les aspects positifs et les forces ont été notés par les scientifiques et exprimés par les personnes concernées. La question centrale de cet article est de s'interroger sur les compétences créatives et scientifiques des individus TDAH et TSA. Cet article met en évidence les liens entre les psychopathologies et la créativité, les relations et les chevauchements entre les TSA et la créativité, le TDAH et la créativité, ainsi qu'un examen des preuves physiologiques des caractéristiques communes des TSA-TDAH-créativité, notamment au niveau de la latéralisation des fonctions cérébrales et les asymétries cérébrales, des variations des concentrations et des récepteurs dans les systèmes de neurotransmission et les gènes associés, des états de conscience attentionnels et du réseau du mode par défaut, de la désinhibition cognitive et du déficit d'inhibition latent, de l'hyperconnectivité et de la forte excitabilité cérébrale, de la personnalité et du tempérament. (...)

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Attenuated hemispheric asymmetry in metaphor processing among adults with ADHD.

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

What’s left for balanced bilinguals? Language proficiency and item familiarity affect left-hemisphere specialization in metaphor processing.

What’s left for balanced bilinguals? Language proficiency and item familiarity affect left-hemisphere specialization in metaphor processing.

The complexity of the interaction between binge-eating and attention

ASD and ADHD as syndromes of high creativity - Le TSA et le TDAH comme syndromes de haute créativité

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