“…Especially important for operational domains such as the military, principles of affective computing can be implemented in virtual reality (VR) systems for the purpose of training human performance outcomes (e.g., shooting marksmanship) [8], [9], [10], [11]. In addition to simulating real-world stressors, VR may enhance training because it can be integrated into closed-loop systems that adapt to the user [12], [13]. Such systems aim to customize stimuli (e.g., training aids) to changes in performance and psychological states (e.g., stress, workload) that are inferred from physiological responses [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19].…”