Attentional prioritization to contextually new objects

Ogawa, Hirokazu; Kumada, Takatsune

doi:10.3758/bf03193883

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This suggests that both the target and the irrelevant singleton share the same context, eVectively reducing its inXuence on search. Moreover, Ogawa and Kumada (2006) showed that attention implicitly prioritizes relevant locations in visual search. Detection of a probe dot was found to be faster when a given display layout was repeated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual remapping in visual search after predictable target-location changes

Conci

Sun

Müller

2010

Psychological Research

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Invariant spatial context can facilitate visual search. For instance, detection of a target is faster if it is presented within a repeatedly encountered, as compared to a novel, layout of nontargets, demonstrating a role of contextual learning for attentional guidance ('contextual cueing'). Here, we investigated how context-based learning adapts to target location (and identity) changes. Three experiments were performed in which, in an initial learning phase, observers learned to associate a given context with a given target location. A subsequent test phase then introduced identity and/or location changes to the target. The results showed that contextual cueing could not compensate for target changes that were not 'predictable' (i.e. learnable). However, for predictable changes, contextual cueing remained effective even immediately after the change. These findings demonstrate that contextual cueing is adaptive to predictable target location changes. Under these conditions, learned contextual associations can be effectively 'remapped' to accommodate new task requirements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual remapping in visual search after predictable target-location changes

Conci

Sun

Müller

2010

Psychological Research

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“…Therefore, single-target learning is advantageous when a target object appears rather unpredictably at different locations (as in the studies discussed above). However, if a target is permanently relocated within its invariant context, the context becomes a reliable cue for this new target location – hence, the respective context-target associations should be relearned to include the contextually new, highly relevant object [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Here Today, Gone Tomorrow – Adaptation to Change in Memory-Guided Visual Search

et al. 2013

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Visual search for a target object can be facilitated by the repeated presentation of an invariant configuration of nontargets (‘contextual cueing’). Here, we tested adaptation of learned contextual associations after a sudden, but permanent, relocation of the target. After an initial learning phase targets were relocated within their invariant contexts and repeatedly presented at new locations, before they returned to the initial locations. Contextual cueing for relocated targets was neither observed after numerous presentations nor after insertion of an overnight break. Further experiments investigated whether learning of additional, previously unseen context-target configurations is comparable to adaptation of existing contextual associations to change. In contrast to the lack of adaptation to changed target locations, contextual cueing developed for additional invariant configurations under identical training conditions. Moreover, across all experiments, presenting relocated targets or additional contexts did not interfere with contextual cueing of initially learned invariant configurations. Overall, the adaptation of contextual memory to changed target locations was severely constrained and unsuccessful in comparison to learning of an additional set of contexts, which suggests that contextual cueing facilitates search for only one repeated target location.

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“…The mechanism of contextual cueing has been investigated in many studies of visualsearch tasks Jiang 1998, 2003;Jiang et al 2005;Jiang and Wagner 2004;Ogawa and Kumada 2006;Ogawa et al 2007;Peterson and Kramer 2001). To reveal the mechanisms of contextual cueing, the following questions should be answered: What part of the information of the display is learned as a contextual cue?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to Learn: Evidence for Two Types of Attentional Guidance in Contextual Cueing

Ogawa

Watanabe

2010

Perception

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Repetition of the same spatial configurations of a search display implicitly facilitates performance of a visual-search task when the target location in the display is fixed. The improvement of performance is referred to as contextual cueing. We examined whether the association process between target location and surrounding configuration of distractors occurs during active search or at the instant the target is found. To dissociate these two processes, we changed the surrounding configuration of the distractors at the instant of target detection so that the layout where the participants had searched for the target and the layout presented at the instant of target detection differed. The results demonstrated that both processes are responsible for the contextual-cueing effect, but they differ in the accuracies of attentional guidance and their time courses, suggesting that two different types of attentional-guidance processes may be involved in contextual cueing.

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Attentional prioritization to contextually new objects

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Contextual remapping in visual search after predictable target-location changes

Contextual remapping in visual search after predictable target-location changes

Here Today, Gone Tomorrow – Adaptation to Change in Memory-Guided Visual Search

Time to Learn: Evidence for Two Types of Attentional Guidance in Contextual Cueing

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