Attentional Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition: A New Startle Paradigm

Heekeren, Karsten; Meincke, Ulrich; Geyer, Mark A.; Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, Euphrosyne

doi:10.1159/000076416

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…More specifically, the strong top-down controlled attentional modulation of PPI and PPF seen in our control participants was also noted previously (Filion et al, 1993;Heekeren, Meincke, Geyer, & Gouzoulis Mayfrank, 2004). In general, PPI for SOA 120 was stronger than that during SOA 240.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Early attentional deficits in an attention-to-prepulse paradigm in ADHD adults.

Conzelmann¹,

Pauli²,

Mucha³

et al. 2010

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined for early and late attentional processes as a function of controlled attention. The test paradigm was the attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition (PPI; early controlled attentional processing) and prepulse facilitation (PPF; late controlled attentional processing). In 49 patients and 49 controls, the authors measured acoustic startle responses to 96-dB startle pulses preceded 120, 240 (for PPI), 2,000, and 4,500 (for PPF) ms by a 68-dB prepulse noise. Geometric figures signaled that prepulses were to be ignored or attended to (automatic vs. controlled attention). ADHD patients exhibited deficits in prepulse modulation, but these reflected an interaction of controlled attention and time of information processing. Normal PPI and PPF occurred under all conditions except for controlled attentional modulation of PPI. Attention deficits in ADHD patients may reflect not general derangements in information processing or ability to attend but, rather, selective disturbances of controlled attention during early information processing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Early attentional deficits in an attention-to-prepulse paradigm in ADHD adults.

Conzelmann¹,

Pauli²,

Mucha³

et al. 2010

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…It has been known that the amplitude of the acoustic startle reflex is enhanced when a stimulus previously paired with footshock is presented before the startling stimulus (e.g., Brown 2006; Bradley et al, 1993;Filion & Poje, 2003;Grillon & Davis, 1997;Heekeren et al, 2004;Schell et al, 2000;Thorne et al, 2005). Previous studies have shown that rats are able to detect a correlation change between sounds delivered from two spatially separated locations (J.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precedence-effect-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in socially reared but not isolation-reared rats

et al. 2009

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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Attention to a prepulse presented shortly before a startling stimulus enhances prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle in normal people, but not in schizophrenics. Fear conditioning for the prepulse enhances PPI in socially reared, but not isolation-reared, rats. In humans, selective attention to acoustic signals against masking can be facilitated by precedence-effect-induced perceived spatial separation between the signal and the masker. This study investigated whether perceived spatial separation between a prepulse and a noise masker enhances PPI in socially reared rats and isolation-reared rats. The results show that both PPI and conditioning-induced PPI enhancement were larger in socially reared rats than in isolation-reared rats. More important, in socially reared, but not isolation-reared, rats, a further PPI enhancement was induced by precedence-effect-induced perceived separation between a prepulse and a masker only after the prepulse became fear conditioned. Thus, perceived separation facilitates normal rats' attention to a conditioned prepulse and enhances PPI. Isolation rearing impairs rats' ability to attend to ecologically significant acoustic events.

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“…However, also an attentional modulation of sensorimotor gating processes is assumed (Heekeren et al 2004). In the present study, the PPI as an operational measure of sensorimotor gating was markedly reduced in the placebo-treated restraint group (R-P) compared to its non-restraint control (NR-P).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%