Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes

Schultz, Luke T.; Heimberg, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.003

Cited by 167 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…these information-processing biases may be implicated in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms (see e.g., Clark and Wells, 1995;Rapee and Heimberg, 1997;Mobini and Grant, 2007;Schultz and Heimberg, 2008). There is, however, no consensus about the specific processing stages in which these biases occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological evidence for cortisol-induced reduction in early bias for implicit social threat in social phobia

Peer

Spinhoven

Roelofs

2010

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological evidence for cortisol-induced reduction in early bias for implicit social threat in social phobia

Peer

Spinhoven

Roelofs

2010

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…These examples suggest that whether self-distancing is helpful or harmful may depend critically on how people focus on the self and their emotions once they engage in this process. This is especially true for social anxiety because some research indicates that when socially anxious individuals imagine future stressful social interactions, they spontaneously put themselves in the shoes of an evaluative audience, suggesting that self-distancing is harmful for people with social anxiety (e.g., Schultz & Heimberg, 2008). However, the current research clearly demonstrates that self-distancing, when used to understand one's emotions, is quite distinct from focusing on the self from the perspective of an evaluative audience (i.e., what socially anxious people spontaneously do) and has beneficial downstream consequences for cognition, affect, and behavior.…”

Section: Self-distancing and Its Motivational Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters.

Kross¹,

Bruehlman-Senecal²,

Park³

et al. 2014

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

239

233

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Does the language people use to refer to the self during introspection influence how they think, feel, and behave under social stress? If so, do these effects extend to socially anxious people who are particularly vulnerable to such stress? Seven studies explored these questions (total N ϭ 585). Studies 1a and 1b were proof-of-principle studies. They demonstrated that using non-first-person pronouns and one's own name (rather than first-person pronouns) during introspection enhances self-distancing. Studies 2 and 3 examined the implications of these different types of self-talk for regulating stress surrounding making good first impressions (Study 2) and public speaking (Study 3). Compared with the first-person group, the non-first-person group performed better according to objective raters in both studies. They also displayed less distress (Studies 2 and 3) and engaged in less maladaptive postevent processing (Study 3). Studies 4 and 5 examined how these different forms of self-talk influence the way people appraise social-anxiety-provoking events. They demonstrated that non-first-person language use (compared with first-person language use) leads people to appraise future stressors in more challenging and less threatening terms. Finally, a meta-analysis (Study 6) indicated that none of these findings were moderated by trait social anxiety, highlighting their translational potential. Together, these findings demonstrate that small shifts in the language people use to refer to the self during introspection consequentially influence their ability to regulate their thoughts, feelings, and behavior under social stress, even for vulnerable individuals.Keywords: distancing, stress, social anxiety, rumination, self-regulation, emotion regulation During the summer of 2010, LeBron James, a future Hall-ofFame basketball player, faced a tough decision. Should he stay with the small market team that nurtured his career from its inception, or move to a larger city market? Shortly after making his choice (he joined the larger market team), he described his decision-making process in an interview noting, "One thing I didn't want to do was make an emotional decision. I wanted to do what's best for LeBron James and to do what makes LeBron James happy" (Greenberg, 2010).Notice how James begins by referring to himself using the pronoun I, but then quickly switches to using his own name after indicating that he does not want to make an emotional decision. Does this shift from I to James represent a mere quirk of speech? Or could it represent something more-a process, for example, that consequentially influences people's capacity to control their thoughts, feelings, and behavior? Here we suggest that it is the latter. Specifically, we hypothesize that using one's own name and other non-first-person pronouns to refer to the self during introspection is a form of self-distancing that enhances self-regulation. 1 Harnessing Language to Promote Self-RegulationSeveral lines of research motivate this prediction. First, converging evidence...

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“…In addition, women are also easier to judge the audience so that their negative thinking would be raised. The loss of self-control of each individual lead to the emergence of anxiety in public speaking (Schultz & Heimberg, 2008). Zell, Warriner, & Albarracin (2012)state that self-control has correlation with the response showed by individual when they are speaking in public place through their body language.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Experience Dynamics of Students with Glossophobia through Narrative Counseling as seen from Gender: A Qualitative Study

Rahmawati¹,

Ariffudin²,

Mulawarman³

2018

Proceedings of the 3rd ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2017)

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. Psychological experience can lead to the fear of speech anxiety (glossophobia). A number of studies explain that 75% people in the world have suffered glossophobia. The studies also revealed that, compared with men, women have higher tendency to experience glossophobia. The aim of the present study was investigating psychological experience dynamics and the role of gender that influence the emergence of glossophobia through narrative counseling. The data were collected qualitatively through observation and depth interview on five students of Public Senior High School 13 Surabaya. Furthermore, the data were analyzed thematically on three components of psychological experience dynamics: fear, anxiety, and negative thinking. The results of the analysis showed that most of the students are afraid to be laughed and humiliated. They are also anxious of past bad experience that would be repeated when speaking in public place. Moreover, excessive affection and cognitive responses of the female students are the trigger of experiencing glossophobia. Based on the interpretation, it can be concluded that misinterpretation of psychological experience and low-self-control of the students are able to determine glossophobia easily.

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Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes

Cited by 167 publications

References 76 publications

Psychophysiological evidence for cortisol-induced reduction in early bias for implicit social threat in social phobia

Psychophysiological evidence for cortisol-induced reduction in early bias for implicit social threat in social phobia

Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters.

Psychological Experience Dynamics of Students with Glossophobia through Narrative Counseling as seen from Gender: A Qualitative Study

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