Attentional enhancement of spatial resolution: linking behavioural and neurophysiological evidence

Anton-Erxleben, Katharina; Carrasco, Marisa

doi:10.1038/nrn3443

Cited by 259 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The general surgical procedures for chronic recordings have been described previously (Bezdudnaya et al, 2006;Stoelzel et al, 2008;Bereshpolova et al, 2011;Zhuang et al, 2013) and are reported only briefly here. Under ketamine-acepromazine anesthesia, eight stainless steel screws and a stainless steel rod, oriented in a rostrocaudal direction, were installed on the exposed surface of the skull by acrylic cement.…”

Section: Animal Preparation and Electrophysiological Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, thalamocortical synaptic transmission is remarkably stable across alert and nonalert states (Stoelzel et al, 2009), suggesting that layer 4 neurons, the major recipients of LGN input, may inherit the brain state effects from LGN. Surprisingly, unlike LGN cells, most suspected inhibitory interneurons (SINs) in layer 4 decrease their spontaneous firing rates during the alert state, whereas the spontaneous firing of layer 4 simple cells remains relatively constant (Bereshpolova et al, 2011), showing that brain state can have a different effect on visual cortex than thalamus. Notably, the two major cell classes in layer 4, putative excitatory simple cells and SINs, have markedly different response properties (Zhuang et al, 2013), suggesting very different roles in cortical computation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, unlike LGN cells, most suspected inhibitory interneurons (SINs) in layer 4 decrease their spontaneous firing rates during the alert state, whereas the spontaneous firing of layer 4 simple cells remains relatively constant (Bereshpolova et al, 2011), showing that brain state can have a different effect on visual cortex than thalamus. Notably, the two major cell classes in layer 4, putative excitatory simple cells and SINs, have markedly different response properties (Zhuang et al, 2013), suggesting very different roles in cortical computation. Here, we examine the visual response properties of identified layer 4 simple cells and SINs in primary visual cortex (V1) of fully awake rabbits during both alert and nonalert states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It contains different brain states which can be distinguished by differences in behavior, physiological activity, or neurotransmitter release (Harris and Thiele, 2011;Lee and Dan, 2012), and these different awake brain states strongly affect information processing in sensory thalamus and cortices in cats (Wörgötter et al, 1998), mouse (Poulet and Petersen, 2008;Gentet et al, 2010;Niell and Stryker, 2010;Pinto et al, 2013;Polack et al, 2013), rats (Fanselow and Nicolelis, 1999;Castro-Alamancos, 2004;Goard and Dan, 2009;Otazu et al, 2009), and rabbits Weyand, 1985, 1987;Swadlow, 1988;Bezdudnaya et al, 2006;Cano et al, 2006;Bereshpolova et al, 2011). Awake rabbits readily shift between alert and nonalert brain states, measured by the electroencephalogram (EEG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Awake rabbits readily shift between alert and nonalert brain states, measured by the electroencephalogram (EEG). The transition between these states is often very rapid (Ͻ1 s) and profoundly affects spiking statistics and receptive field (RF) properties in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), where alertness significantly increases spontaneous firing rates, visual response gain, temporal frequency tuning peak/width, and the maintained response to stationary stimulation, but significantly decreases bursting rate (Swadlow and Weyand, 1985;Swadlow and Gusev, 2001;Bezdudnaya et al, 2006;Bereshpolova et al, 2011). By contrast, thalamocortical synaptic transmission is remarkably stable across alert and nonalert states (Stoelzel et al, 2009), suggesting that layer 4 neurons, the major recipients of LGN input, may inherit the brain state effects from LGN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain State Effects on Layer 4 of the Awake Visual Cortex

et al. 2014

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Awake mammals can switch between alert and nonalert brain states hundreds of times per day. Here, we study the effects of alertness on two cell classes in layer 4 of primary visual cortex of awake rabbits: presumptive excitatory "simple" cells and presumptive fast-spike inhibitory neurons (suspected inhibitory interneurons). We show that in both cell classes, alertness increases the strength and greatly enhances the reliability of visual responses. In simple cells, alertness also increases the temporal frequency bandwidth, but preserves contrast sensitivity, orientation tuning, and selectivity for direction and spatial frequency. Finally, alertness selectively suppresses the simple cell responses to high-contrast stimuli and stimuli moving orthogonal to the preferred direction, effectively enhancing mid-contrast borders. Using a population coding model, we show that these effects of alertness in simple cells-enhanced reliability, higher gain, and increased suppression in orthogonal orientation-could play a major role at increasing the speed of cortical feature detection.

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Section: Animal Preparation and Electrophysiological Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain State Effects on Layer 4 of the Awake Visual Cortex

et al. 2014

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Perceptual Organization

Wagemans

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

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Perceptual organization is the process of giving structure to our experience of objects, scenes, and events in the world. The literature on this complex and fascinating topic is huge, dealing with a wide range of phenomena, processes, neural mechanisms, models, and theories. The present overview starts from the seminal work by the Gestalt psychologists, covering the classic laws of perceptual grouping and figure–ground organization. Then follows a review of the main lines of psychophysical and neural research carried out on these and related topics in the past 50 years. The final section covers new directions of research. They refine the conceptual framework and sketch theoretical approaches that could offer interesting alternatives to the mainstream view of information processing in the cortical hierarchy. There is hope for a synthesis to emerge from this scattered field of research, leading to a better understanding of perceptual organization.

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Basic oculomotor function is similar in young children with ASD and typically developing controls

et al. 2021

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A variety of eye tracking studies have demonstrated that young children with ASD gaze at images and movies of social interactions differently than typically developing children. These findings have supported the hypothesis that gaze behavior differences are generated by a weaker preference for social stimuli in ASD children. The hypothesis assumes that gaze differences are not caused by abnormalities in oculomotor function including saccade frequency and kinematics. Previous studies of oculomotor function have mostly been performed with school-age children, adolescents, and adults using visual search, anti-saccade, and gap saccade tasks that are less suitable for young pre-school children. Here, we examined oculomotor function in 144 children (90 with ASD and 54 controls), 1-10-years-old, as they watched two animated movies interleaved with the presentation of multiple salient stimuli that elicited saccades-to-targets. The results revealed that the number of fixations, fixation duration, number of saccades, saccade duration, saccade accuracy, and saccade latency did not differ significantly across groups. Minor initial differences in saccade peak velocity were not supported by analysis with a linear mixed model. These findings suggest that most children with ASD exhibit similar oculomotor function to that of controls, when performing saccades-to-targets or freely viewing childfriendly movies. This suggests that previously reported gaze abnormalities in children with ASD are not due to underlying oculomotor deficiencies. Lay SummaryThis study demonstrates that children with ASD perform similar eye movements to those of controls when freely observing movies or making eye movements to targets. Similar results were apparent across groups in the number of eye movements, their accuracy, duration, and other measures that assess eye movement control. These findings are important for interpreting previously reported differences in gaze behavior of children with ASD, which are likely due to atypical social preferences rather than impaired control of eye movements.

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Attentional enhancement of spatial resolution: linking behavioural and neurophysiological evidence

Cited by 259 publications

References 150 publications

Brain State Effects on Layer 4 of the Awake Visual Cortex

Brain State Effects on Layer 4 of the Awake Visual Cortex

Perceptual Organization

Basic oculomotor function is similar in young children with ASD and typically developing controls

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