Attentional Demands of Postural Control in Chronic Ankle Instability, Copers and Healthy Controls: A Controlled Cross-sectional Study

Postural Control Deficits During Static Single-leg Stance in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Four studies defined the area through 95th percentile ellipse, 35,38,61,62 4 studies through the rectangle made by maximum AP and ML sways, 38,43,60,63 and the remaining 6 studies failed to clearly define area calculations. 7,27,31,36,41,44…”

“…Six studies evaluated the range of sway amplitude, 23,35,44,57,75,79 but no significant differences were observed between groups for pooled results in the AP or ML direction when eyes were open or closed (Appendix 5.1, available online). Mohamadi et al 44 evaluated the range of sway amplitude in the total direction and observed a significantly larger range in CAI patients with both closed and open eyes. Six studies evaluated the mean sway amplitude, 30,38,42,59,60,62 no significant differences were found between groups in the AP or ML direction with either closed or open eyes.…”

“…A total of 13 studies evaluated sway area, 7,27,31,35,36,38,41,43,44,60,61,62,63 with Linens et al 38 reporting both elliptical and rectangular areas, of which the ellipse was included in the meta-analysis (Appendix 5.2, available online). Significantly larger sway areas were observed in patients with eyes open, but the pooled results were not significant when the study of Mohamadi et al 44 was removed during sensitivity analysis. Under conditions of closed eyes, small effects of larger sway areas were observed without significant publication bias (SMD = 0.44) in CAI patients and this was not affected by removal of studies, thus proving the stability of the result.…”

“…Four studies defined the area through 95th percentile ellipse, 35,38,61,62 4 studies through the rectangle made by maximum AP and ML sways, 38,43,60,63 and the remaining 6 studies failed to clearly define area calculations. 7,27,31,36,41,44 Sway Velocity A total of 26 studies evaluated mean sway velocity (or length) (Appendix 5.3, available online). 7,11,17,18,19,20,23,27,30,31,35,36,38,41,43,44,47,57,58,60,61,62,64,66,71,75 Under conditions of open eyes, small to large differences were observed but the heterogeneity was high in the AP and total directions (I 2 = 80.1% and 83.6%, respectively).…”

Functional Electrical Stimulation of Peroneal Muscles on Balance in Healthy Females

“…Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries accounting for about 23% and 15% of injuries sustained during high school and college education, respectively [ 1 , 2 ]. People suffering from repeated ankle sprains are more likely to develop chronic ankle instability [ 3 ], which may lead to less flexible movement patterns [ 4 ], thus a tendency to minimise the reliance on ankle movement in walking and running [ 5 ] and higher visual reliance [ 6 ] and more postural sway in balancing task [ 7 , 8 ]. The recurrence rate for a lateral ankle sprain is reportedly as high as 80% among athletes, responsible for the longest absenteeism from participation compared to other sports injuries [ 2 ].…”