Attentional Changes in Either Criterion or Sensitivity Are Associated with Robust Modulations in Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

Luo, Thomas Zhihao; Maunsell, John H. R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.007

Cited by 60 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The latency for generating rewarded motor actions was slower in KO versus WT mice, despite stimuli appearing at the same locations and same visual contrast ranges across experiments. Recent studies of visual perception using detection tasks have shown that both changes in sensitivity and response criterion contribute to perceptual performance, and that these two components of perception are dissociable with appropriate tasks and likely driven by distinct brain structures (Luo & Maunsell, 2018). Our results here in KO mice identify elevation of response criterionthe internal threshold to report detection-as one key component of behavioral impairments in KO mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Diminished cortical excitation and elevated inhibition during perceptual impairments in a mouse model of autism

Rosario

Speed

Arrowood

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Sensory impairments are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These impairments affect visual perception, and have been hypothesized to arise from imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory activity in cortical circuits; however, there is little direct evidence testing this hypothesis with direct recordings of excitatory and inhibitory neural activity during relevant impairments of sensory perception. Here, we utilized a genetically relevant mouse model of ASD (CNTNAP2 -/knockout, KO) and recorded putative excitatory and inhibitory population spiking in primary visual cortex (V1) while measuring visual perceptual behavior. We found that KO mice showed quantitative impairments in both the speed and accuracy of visual perception. These impairments were simultaneously associated with diminished excitatory neuron activity and elevated low frequency network oscillations in superficial cortical layers 2/3 (L2/3). These results establish that perceptual deficits associated with ASD can arise from reduced sensory firing of excitatory rather than inhibitory neurons in cortical circuits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Diminished cortical excitation and elevated inhibition during perceptual impairments in a mouse model of autism

Rosario

Speed

Arrowood

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…D. Proportion of change events at each location in a block with high cue validity (left) and in a block with neutral cues (right). Red: Cued location; green: location opposite to cue (Opp); blue: location adjacent to cue, either in the same visual hemifield as cue (Adj-Ipsi) Finally, we tested whether a single, unified 4-ADC model provided better fit to the data than a combination of 2-AFC models for modeling decisions at each location (Chanes et al, 2013;Luo & Maunsell, 2018), (Fig. 1H).…”

Section: A Model For Predicting and Fitting Behavior In Multi-alternamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and decisional components of endogenous attention are dissociable

Banerjee

Grover

Ganesh

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Endogenously cueing a stimulus for attention enhances sensory processing of the attended stimulus, and efficiently selects information from the attended stimulus for guiding behavioral decisions. Yet, it is unknown if these sensory and decisional components of endogenous attention are under the control of common, overlapping or distinct mechanisms. Here, we tested human observers in a multi-alternative visuospatial attention task with probabilistic spatial cues, whose predictive validity varied across spatial locations. Observers' behavioral choices were analyzed with a multidimensional signal detection model, derived from Bayesian decision theory. The model effectively decoupled attention's effects on perceptual sensitivity from those on decisional thresholds (bias), and revealed striking dissociations between them. Sensitivity was highest at the cued location, and not significantly different among uncued locations, suggesting a spotlight-like allocation of sensory resources at the cued location. On the other hand, bias varied systematically with endogenous cue validity, suggesting a graded distribution of decision thresholds across all locations. Cueing-induced modulations of sensitivity and bias were uncorrelated within and across subjects. Finally, bias selectively correlated with key measures of decision-making: reaction times were strongly correlated with bias, cueing-induced benefits in reaction times were correlated with bias changes independently of sensitivity changes, and subjects who exhibited higher bias, rather than higher sensitivity, toward the cued location produced more optimal behavioral decisions. Our model and findings demonstrate that endogenous cueing of attention does not engage a unitary selection mechanism, but rather involves the operation of dissociable sensory enhancement and decisional selection processes.Keywords: Top-down attention, perceptual sensitivity, decisional bias, efficient selection, signal detection theory, Bayesian decision theory, psychophysical models.2 not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.The copyright holder for this preprint (which was . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/231613 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Dec. 11, 2017; Significance statementThe capacity for selective attention allows us to engage efficiently with the most important objects in the world around us. Attention affects the way we perceive important stimuli and also affects how we make behavioral decisions about these stimuli. In this study, we test human observers on a multiple alternative attention task and show that attention's effects on perceptual processing and decision-making can be dissociated. Specifically, attention's sensory effects alone are in line with the conventional notion of an attentional "spotlight".These insights are obtained with a novel Bayesian decision model, which we propose as a powerful tool for teasing apart component processes of cognitive phenomena, and could aid the search for the neural correl...

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“…Another key question for understanding attentional modulation of visual information is to identify the regions that drive these changes in processing, and when and how they influence visual cortical areas. There is evidence that some prefrontal cortical (PFC) regions are critically involved in visual attention and task-based modulations in response, including the frontal eye fields [34,35], the ventral prearcuate region [36], the superior precentral sulcus [37] and lateral PFC [38,39]. Selective prioritisation of task-relevant information in prefrontal cortex (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and feature-selective attention have distinct effects on population-level tuning

Goddard

Woolgar

2019

Preprint

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1Selective attention is fundamental to cognitive activity and can be deployed in 2 different ways. Non-human primate data suggests that spatial and feature-based 3 visual attention have qualitatively different effects on neural tuning, but this has 4 been challenging to assess in humans. Using multivariate decoding of MEG data, 5we tracked the effects of spatial and feature-selective attention on population-level 6 coding of novel objects. We found that spatial and feature-selective attention 7 interacted multiplicatively to enhance object representation. Moreover, the two 8 types of attention induced qualitatively different patterns of enhancement in 9 occipital cortex, and these differences were accounted for by the principles of 10 response-gain and tuning curve sharpening derived from single-unit work. A novel 11 information flow analysis further showed that stimulus representations in occipital 12 cortex were Granger-caused by coding in frontal cortices earlier in time. We find 13 that human spatial and feature-selective attention rely on qualitatively different, 14interacting, neural mechanisms. 15At any moment, there is far more information available from our senses than we can 16 possibly process at once. Accordingly, only a subset of the available information is 17 processed to a high level, making it crucial that brain can dynamically devote greatest 18 processing resources to the most relevant information. Our ability to selectively attend 19 to relevant information is remarkably flexible. For instance, we can adapt our 20 attentional state by directing our attention in space (spatial attention, e.g. attend left), 21 to a specific feature dimension (feature-selective attention, e.g. detect changes in color 22 across a scene) or based on a particular feature value along that feature dimension 23 (feature-based attention, e.g. find all the red objects), using the definitions of Chen et 24 al. (2012). Each of these types of attention can change behavior, improving 25 performance related to the attended location or feature-dimension, while decreasing 26 performance on the ignored dimension/location (Pestilli and Carrasco, 2005; Rossi and

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Attentional Changes in Either Criterion or Sensitivity Are Associated with Robust Modulations in Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

Cited by 60 publications

References 67 publications

Diminished cortical excitation and elevated inhibition during perceptual impairments in a mouse model of autism

Diminished cortical excitation and elevated inhibition during perceptual impairments in a mouse model of autism

Sensory and decisional components of endogenous attention are dissociable

Spatial and feature-selective attention have distinct effects on population-level tuning

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