Attentional capture is contingent on scene region: Using surface guidance framework to explore attentional mechanisms during search

Pereira, Effie J.; Castelhano, Monica S.

doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01610-z

Cited by 22 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The semantic representation of an object in the context of a given scene guides attention during visual search (Biederman, Mezzanotte, & Rabinowitz, 1982;Henderson et al, 2007;Henderson, Malcolm, & Schandl, 2009;Henderson, Weeks, & Hollingworth, 1999;Loftus & Mackworth, 1978). Viewers searching for an object, such as a pillow, will first fixate semantically appropriate locations (e.g., bed) over inappropriate locations (e.g., table ), suggesting that these expected spatial constraints efficiently direct attention to task-and semantically-relevant information (Brockmole & Henderson, 2006;Brockmole & Võ, 2010;Ehinger et al, 2009;Henderson et al, 1999;Loftus & Mackworth, 1978;Neider & Zelinsky, 2006;Pereira & Castelhano, 2019;Torralba et al, 2006). Spatial constraint has been modeled in different ways.…”

Section: Surfaces As Constraints On Search In Scenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although recent work has independently demonstrated that the visual system may also prioritize scene regions high in meaning for fixation during search (Hayes & Henderson, 2019;Peacock et al, n.d.), it is unknown how scene meaning interacts with other known sources of search guidance. The present study therefore aimed to understand how meaning interacts with one of these known sources of guidance, spatial constraint (i.e., scene regions likely to contain the search target; Brockmole & Henderson, 2006;Brockmole & Võ, 2010;Ehinger et al, 2009;Neider & Zelinsky, 2006;Pereira & Castelhano, 2019;Torralba et al, 2006). To investigate this question, we developed continuously graded surface maps representing the likely locations of a search target, and paired these with meaning maps representing semantic densities in scenes (Henderson & Hayes, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Meaning and Expected Surfaces Combine to Guide Attention During Visual Search in Scenes

Peacock¹,

Cronin²,

Hayes³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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How do spatial constraints and meaningful scene regions interact to control overt attention during visual search for objects in real-world scenes? To answer this question, we combined novel surface maps of the likely locations of target objects with maps of the spatial distribution of scene semantic content. The surface maps captured likely target surfaces as continuous probabilities. Meaning was represented by meaning maps highlighting the distribution of semantic content in local scene regions and objects. Attention was indexed by eye movements during search for target objects that varied in the likelihood they would appear on specific surfaces. The interaction between surface maps and meaning maps was analyzed to test whether fixations were directed to meaningful scene regions on target-related surfaces. Overall, meaningful scene regions were more likely to be fixated if they appeared on target-related surfaces than if they appeared on target-unrelated surfaces. These findings suggest that the visual system prioritizes meaningful scene regions on target-related surfaces during visual search in scenes.

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Section: Surfaces As Constraints On Search In Scenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meaning and Expected Surfaces Combine to Guide Attention During Visual Search in Scenes

Peacock¹,

Cronin²,

Hayes³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More recently, Castelhano et al [17,97,98] have argued for the importance of scene surfaces in guiding attention during visual search. The Surface Guidance Framework posits that attention is directed to surfaces in the scene most associated with the target object.…”

Section: Where You Lookmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Landscape: High-Level Influences on Eye Movement Guidance in Scenes

Williams

Castelhano

2019

Vision

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The use of eye movements to explore scene processing has exploded over the last decade. Eye movements provide distinct advantages when examining scene processing because they are both fast and spatially measurable. By using eye movements, researchers have investigated many questions about scene processing. Our review will focus on research performed in the last decade examining: (1) attention and eye movements; (2) where you look; (3) influence of task; (4) memory and scene representations; and (5) dynamic scenes and eye movements. Although typically addressed as separate issues, we argue that these distinctions are now holding back research progress. Instead, it is time to examine the intersections of these seemingly separate influences and examine the intersectionality of how these influences interact to more completely understand what eye movements can tell us about scene processing.

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“…For example, unexpected sounds can lead to an involuntary switch of attention in tasks such as reading (Marois & Vachon, 2018; Vasilev, Parmentier, et al, 2019) or scene viewing (Graupner et al, 2007). Similarly, visual objects with sudden or unexpected onset can also capture attention (Brockmole & Henderson, 2005; Pereira & Castelhano, 2019; Theeuwes et al, 1998; Yantis & Jonides, 1984). Therefore, visual degradation may lead to such costs because attention is temporarily redirected away from the reading task and towards the distinct degraded stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parafoveal degradation during reading reduces preview costs only when it is not perceptually distinct

Vasilev

Yates

Prueitt

et al. 2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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There is a growing understanding that the parafoveal preview effect during reading may represent a combination of preview benefits and preview costs due to interference from parafoveal masks. It has been suggested that visually degrading the parafoveal masks may reduce their costs, but adult readers were later shown to be highly sensitive to degraded display changes. Four experiments examined how preview benefits and preview costs are influenced by the perception of distinct parafoveal degradation at the target word location. Participants read sentences with four preview types (identity, orthographic, phonological, and letter-mask preview) and two levels of visual degradation (0% vs. 20%). The distinctiveness of the target word degradation was either eliminated by degrading all words in the sentence (Experiments 1a–2a) or remained present, as in previous research (Experiments 1b–2b). Degrading the letter masks resulted in a reduction in preview costs, but only when all words in the sentence were degraded. When degradation at the target word location was perceptually distinct, it induced costs of its own, even for orthographically and phonologically related previews. These results confirm previous reports that traditional parafoveal masks introduce preview costs that overestimate the size of the true benefit. However, they also show that parafoveal degradation has the unintended consequence of introducing additional costs when participants are aware of distinct degradation on the target word. Parafoveal degradation appears to be easily perceived and may temporarily orient attention away from the reading task, thus delaying word processing.

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Attentional capture is contingent on scene region: Using surface guidance framework to explore attentional mechanisms during search

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Meaning and Expected Surfaces Combine to Guide Attention During Visual Search in Scenes

Meaning and Expected Surfaces Combine to Guide Attention During Visual Search in Scenes

The Changing Landscape: High-Level Influences on Eye Movement Guidance in Scenes

Parafoveal degradation during reading reduces preview costs only when it is not perceptually distinct

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