Attentional capture by emotional faces in adolescence

Grose-Fifer, Jillian; Rodrigues, Andrea Bezerra; Hoover, Stefan; Zottoli, Tina M.

doi:10.5709/acp-0134-9

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, even adolescents who were low on worry demonstrated a large P3 response to negative feedback; providing support for adolescents as a sensitivity period for emotionally arousing stimuli (e.g., receiving negative feedback). This finding is corresponds to other research, suggesting that adolescents may be particularly sensitive to "hot" tasks that are emotionally arousing compared with "cold" tasks (Grose-Fifer, Rodrigues, Hoover, & Zottoli, 2013;Prencipe et al, 2011). Receiving negative feedback appears to be an emotionally salient event.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sensitivity to negative feedback among children and adolescents: An ERP study comparing developmental differences between high-worriers and low-worriers

Heffer

Willoughby

2020

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Neurodevelopmental imbalance models suggest that asynchrony in the maturation of interconnections between brain regions contributes to adolescents being more sensitive to emotionally salient events (e.g., negative feedback) than children. There may, however, be important individual differences to consider when investigating sensitivity to negative feedback. For example, worriers tend to have a greater sensitivity to negative feedback than low-worriers. Thus, it may be that adolescents' sensitivity to negative feedback is tied to worry. One way to test this question is to compare worriers to nonworriers separately for both children and adolescents. If only adolescent worriers are sensitive to negative feedback (i.e., low-worriers are not), then sensitivity to negative feedback may be linked to higher rates of worry. If however, adolescent nonworriers also have a sensitivity, then adolescents in general may be sensitive to negative feedback. The current study (N = 100, Mage = 11.26, standard deviation = 1.71) used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate neural differences in sensitivity to negative feedback among adolescents and children with high and low levels of worry. For both children and adolescents, worriers had a larger P3 amplitude to negative feedback than nonworriers. This difference, however, was smaller among the adolescents (i.e., adolescent nonworriers also had a large P3 amplitude to negative feedback). Our results support neurodevelopmental imbalance models that suggest adolescents in general are sensitive to emotionally salient events, such as receiving negative feedback.Keywords Event-related potentials . Adolescent . P3 . Worry . Children . Sensitivity to negative feedback Adolescence often is considered a transitional period marked by physical, psychological, and social changes (Spear, 2000). One notable change is the increase in adolescents' sensitivity to emotionally salient events (e.g., sensitivity to negative feedback). Indeed, compared with children, adolescents tend to report more sensitivity to negative feedback (O'Brien &

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sensitivity to negative feedback among children and adolescents: An ERP study comparing developmental differences between high-worriers and low-worriers

Heffer

Willoughby

2020

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…Taken together, the current findings add to a large body of literature on the influence of emotional information on adolescent self-regulation (Cohen-Gilbert & Thomas, 2013;Dreyfuss et al, 2014;Grose-fifer et al, 2013;Hare et al, 2008;Somerville et al, 2011;Tottenham et al, 2011), by suggesting that young adults continue to show reactivity to negatively valenced emotional information . This heightened reactivity may have implications for understanding the emergence of mental health problems, with anxiety disorders showing their first onset in late childhood, and depression emerging around early adulthood (Lee et al, 2014;Powers & Casey, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…For example, using emotional flanker-and go-nogo paradigms, it has been shown that there is a slowing in RTs toward negatively valenced cues relative to positive ones from child-to adulthood (Grosefifer et al, 2013;Hare et al, 2008;Tottenham et al, 2011). Longer RTs in these and other paradigms (e.g., selective attention tasks) have been suggested to reflect increased attentional capture or interference by negatively valenced cues (Grose-fifer et al, 2013;Monk et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct and similar patterns of emotional development in adolescents and young adults

Bos¹,

Dreyfuss²,

Tottenham³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Adolescence is a developmental period of increased sensitivity to social emotional cues, but it is less known whether young adults demonstrate similar social emotional sensitivity. The current study tested variation in reaction times to emotional face cues during different phases of emotional development. Ex-Gaussian parameters mu, sigma, and tau were computed, in addition to mean, median and standard deviation (SD) in reaction times (RT) during an emotional go/nogo-paradigm with fearful, happy, and calm facial expressions in 377 participants, 6-30 years of age. Across development, mean RT showed slowing to fearful facial expressions relative to both calm and happy facial cues, but mu revealed that this pattern was specific to adolescence. In young adulthood, increased variability to fearful expressions relative to both happy and calm ones was captured by SD and tau. The findings that adolescents had longer response latencies to fearful faces, whereas young adults demonstrated greater response variability to fearful faces, together reflect how social emotional processing continues to evolve from adolescence into early adulthood. The findings suggest that young adulthood is also a vulnerable period for processing social emotional cues that ultimately may be important to better understand why different psychopathologies emerge in early adulthood.

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“…Studies show that adolescence, typically defined as ages 13 through 17, is a time of heightened sensitivity to motivational, social, and emotional information (Casey, 2015;Steinberg, 2010). Specifically, during adolescence, cognitive-control capacities and decision making appear to be especially influenced by incentives (Galvan et al, 2006;Geier, Terwilliger, Teslovich, Velanova, & Luna, 2010;Somerville, Hare, & Casey, 2011;Van Leijenhorst et al, 2010), threats (Cohen-Gilbert & Thomas, 2013;Dreyfuss et al, 2014;Grose-Fifer, Rodrigues, Hoover, & Zottoli, 2013;Hare et al, 2008), and peers (Chein, Albert, O'Brien, Uckert, & Steinberg, 2011;Gardner & Steinberg, 2005). Behavioral regulation in response to these inputs has been shown to rely on prefrontal circuitry (Dreyfuss et al, 2014;Hare et al, 2008;Somerville et al, 2011), which shows marked change into the early 20s (Gogtay et al, 2004;Sowell et al, 2004).…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts

et al. 2016

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An individual is typically considered an adult at age 18, although the age of adulthood varies for different legal and social policies. A key question is how cognitive capacities relevant to these policies change with development. The current study used an emotional go/no-go paradigm and functional neuroimaging to assess cognitive control under sustained states of negative and positive arousal in a community sample of one hundred ten 13- to 25-year-olds from New York City and Los Angeles. The results showed diminished cognitive performance under brief and prolonged negative emotional arousal in 18- to 21-year-olds relative to adults over 21. This reduction in performance was paralleled by decreased activity in fronto-parietal circuitry, implicated in cognitive control, and increased sustained activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, involved in emotional processes. The findings suggest a developmental shift in cognitive capacity in emotional situations that coincides with dynamic changes in prefrontal circuitry. These findings may inform age-related social policies.

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Attentional capture by emotional faces in adolescence

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitivity to negative feedback among children and adolescents: An ERP study comparing developmental differences between high-worriers and low-worriers

Sensitivity to negative feedback among children and adolescents: An ERP study comparing developmental differences between high-worriers and low-worriers

Distinct and similar patterns of emotional development in adolescents and young adults

When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts

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