Attentional bias in veterans with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder before and after internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy – An eye-tracking investigation

Effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy and Computer-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Cognitive Bias of Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

“…Veterans with cognitive biases cannot adaptively manage their emotional reactions to stressful events during or at the beginning of cognitive biases (11,12). All cognitive theories believe that bias in information processing has an important role in creating and sustaining emotional disorders (13). Cognitions change and become susceptible to error when people cannot control their emotions.…”

Eye-tracking in the study of attentional bias in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic literature review

“…Regarding gender, one study focuses on the male population (Astafiev et al 2016) and while eight of them focus on females (Weidman et al2019;Kaiser et al 2019;Mekawi et al2019;Bardeen et al 2017;Milanak et al2018;Powers et al 2019;Bardeen et al 2020;Claus et al 2021). There were also eight studies that had a mixed population (Mckinnon et al 2020;Kimble and Hyatt 2019;Maruta et al2016;Corrigan et al2020;Rubin and Telch 2020;Reinhard et al 2017;Kuester et al 2020;Lazarov et al2021).…”

“…Ten studies used the EyeLink II SR Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Kymble and Hyatt 2019; Astafiev et al 2016;Corrigan et al 2020;Rubin and Telch 2020;Weidmann et al 2019;Kaiser et al 2019;Milanak et al 2018;Bardeen et al 2020;Lazarov et al 2021;Claus et al 2021). Three studies by Maruta et al (2016); Reinhard et al (2017); Kuester et al (2020) used the Eye-tracking device (RED250) from SensoMotoric Instruments. Similarly, three more studies used the Model R6 from Applied Science Laboratories' eye tracker, and the last two studies used the Tobii X2-60 eye tracker model (Mekawi et al 2019;Powers et al 2019;Lakshman et al 2020).…”

“…2021), evaluated eye movements, they are small, fast, and accurate jumps subjected to both voluntary and involuntary control, in charge of achieving a change of target, to notice different stimuli, as well as to focus on one of them to distinguish properties such as shape, color, measure, location and distance (Gutiérrez 2019). Likewise, nine of the studies measured the fixation variable since it allows to measure the fixation Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Istanbul, Turkey, March 7-10, 2022 on a moving target and provides information on the stimuli that are of most interest to the participant and the total number of fixations in the scene (Kymble and Hyatt 2019; Corrigan et al 2020;Kaiser et al 2019;Milanak et al 2018;Reinhard et al 2017;Powers et al 2019;Lakshman et al 2020;Kuester et al 2020;Lazarov et al 2021). In addition, this variable is associated with certain brain areas responsible for processing the information of an object towards which an observer directs the gaze (Gutierrez 2019).…”

“…However, in one of the studies the following variables were analyzed: time to first gaze and permanence, mean duration of fixation and initial fixation, no significant effect on the impact of the application of this type of treatment was evidenced (Kuester et al 2020). In addition, in another study in which eye-tracking device and magnetic resonance were used to assess the behavior of evoked blood oxygenation levels (BOLD) and revision status in patients with a chronic cerebral lesion (mTBI) and to know the correlation between produced tasks of BOLD signals during visual tracking of the medial temporal region (MT) plus the lateral occipital region (LO), which are regions involved in the movement and processing of objects and symptoms of mTBI, it was evident that the medial temporal area and lateral occipital area of TBI patients showed a greater BOLD response than controls during the tracking task with distractors (TD) relative to the tracking task alone (TA).…”