Attention to irrelevant contexts decreases as training increases: Evidence from eye-fixations in a human predictive learning task

Aristizabal, José A.; Ramos‐Álvarez, Manuel M.; Callejas-Aguilera, José E.; Rosas, Juan M.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.12.008

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For instance, with a few cue-outcome pairings a detrimental effect of context change has been observed that disappeared with more extended training (e.g., León, et al, 2011). Eye tracking confirmed that overt visual attention to the contextual cues was also higher earlier in training than later (Aristizabal, Ramos-Álvarez, Callejas-Aguilera, & Rosas, 2016).…”

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confidence: 82%

Context dependency as a Function of Prediction Error-Based Attention

Rosas

Nelson

2019

Psicológica Journal

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Context dependence of information has been shown to be based, at least in part, on the attention contexts received at the time of training. Recent research suggests that attention to irrelevant contexts may be a byproduct of the activation of a general exploratory attentional mechanism prompted by high prediction errors associated with situations of uncertainty. Alternatively, low prediction errors may engage an attentional mechanism of exploitation in situations in which contexts play a relevant role. A selective review discusses the potential of this approach to explain context switch effects from an attentional perspective.

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confidence: 82%

Context dependency as a Function of Prediction Error-Based Attention

Rosas

Nelson

2019

Psicológica Journal

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“…Recent reports suggest that the differential susceptibility of information to the effects of context switches at different moments of training may be due to changes on the attention contexts received as training progresses. Aristizabal, Ramos-Álvarez, Callejas-Aguilera, & Rosas, (2016) found that gaze dwell time to redundant contexts decreased as training progressed in human predictive learning, and that the time human participants spent looking at familiar contexts increased when unexpected information was presented within them (Aristizabal, RamosÁlvarez, Callejas-Aguilera, & Rosas, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Discrimination Reversal Facilitates Contextual Conditioning in Rats’ Appetitive conditioning

Alcalá

González

Aristizabal

et al. 2018

Psicológica Journal

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Two experiments were conducted with the goal of exploring the effect of experiencing associative interference upon concurrent learning about conditioned stimuli and contexts in rats' appetitive conditioning. During the first training phase, two groups of rats received a conditioned stimulus (CS1) followed by food, whereas another conditioned stimulus (CS2) was presented alone. During a second training phase, discrimination was reversed in group R, while it remained the same in group D. A new conditioned stimulus (CS3) was concurrently trained followed by food during this second Phase (Experiment 1). Reversal discrimination did not facilitate concurrent conditioning of the new stimulus, but there was a trend towards facilitation of contextual conditioning, measured by magazine entries in the absence of stimuli, that was confirmed in Experiment 2. These results suggest that the interference treatment may facilitate context conditioning under circumstances and with boundaries that are yet to be established.Associations among different stimuli are not always stable in nature. The environment changes, and what it was certain at a given point may not *

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“…Moreover, in the causal learning literature, it has been reported that the order in which positive and negative instances of a causeeffect relationship are presented during the training session can have a profound impact, so that participants will come to make the judgment that there is a stronger causal relationship when the positive instances are presented last than when they are presented first or in a randomized order [27], [28]. In addition, it has been shown that there is also a cumulative effect of previous training, as can be seen, for example, in the decreasing attention that participants pay to the context when it provides none of the information needed to solve a task [29], [30]. Classical experiments on proactive and retroactive interference are also excellent examples of the potential influence of trial order effects [31], [32].…”

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confidence: 99%

Methodological factors involved in the study of temporal binding using the Open Source Software Labclock Web

Cubillas¹

2019

Preprint

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Temporal binding occurs when an action and an outcome that follows it after a short period of time are judged as occurring closer to each other in time than they actually are. This effect has often been studied using Libet᾽s clock methodology. Garaizar et al.[1] presented Labclock Web, an HTML5 and open source software that allows researchers to conduct temporal binding and other experiments using Libet᾽s clock through the Internet. The purpose of the three experiments presented here was to test how certain methodological modifications in the Labclock Web task could impact the temporal binding effect. In comparison with the original study, we aimed to: (a) reduce the interval between action and outcome in the delayed condition to 100 ms, instead of 500, (b) present the two types of trials, immediate and delayed, in two separate consecutive blocks, instead of intermixed, (c) use a visual, rather than auditory, outcome following the action, and (d) reduce the number of trials. In addition to its potential theoretical implications, the results confirm that Labclock Web is a useful and reliable tool for conducting temporal binding experiments and that it is well suited to produce temporal binding in a broad range of situations.

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Attention to irrelevant contexts decreases as training increases: Evidence from eye-fixations in a human predictive learning task

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Context dependency as a Function of Prediction Error-Based Attention

Context dependency as a Function of Prediction Error-Based Attention

Discrimination Reversal Facilitates Contextual Conditioning in Rats’ Appetitive conditioning

Methodological factors involved in the study of temporal binding using the Open Source Software Labclock Web

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