2011
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr310
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Attention Reverses the Effect of Prediction in Silencing Sensory Signals

Abstract: Predictive coding models suggest that predicted sensory signals are attenuated (silencing of prediction error). These models, though influential, are challenged by the fact that prediction sometimes seems to enhance rather than reduce sensory signals, as in the case of attentional cueing experiments. One possible explanation is that in these experiments, prediction (i.e., stimulus probability) is confounded with attention (i.e., task relevance), which is known to boost rather than reduce sensory signal. Howeve… Show more

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Cited by 371 publications
(438 citation statements)
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References 57 publications
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“…In a study that manipulated the frequency of left/right screen-side presentations of simple visual stimuli, presentation of stimuli on the unexpected side resulted in increased activity in V1 in a condition demanding no attention or evaluation of the stimuli (Kok et al, 2012). In another study where auditory tones predicted presence or absence of visual stimuli (den Ouden et al, 2009), surprising events --either unexpected presentations or omissions of visual stimuli --resulted in increased activity.…”
Section: A Common System For Category and Location Regularitymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In a study that manipulated the frequency of left/right screen-side presentations of simple visual stimuli, presentation of stimuli on the unexpected side resulted in increased activity in V1 in a condition demanding no attention or evaluation of the stimuli (Kok et al, 2012). In another study where auditory tones predicted presence or absence of visual stimuli (den Ouden et al, 2009), surprising events --either unexpected presentations or omissions of visual stimuli --resulted in increased activity.…”
Section: A Common System For Category and Location Regularitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As noted previously (Summerfield & Egner, 2009) differentiating the effects of prediction and attention is quite difficult. However, Kok et al (2012) demonstrated it is possible to differentiate the two by showing that predictable stimuli (in visual cortex) tend to produce less activity when the stream is unattended, but greater activity when the stream is attended to. Thus, whether a certain cortical system shows reduced or increased activity to predictable stimuli (vs. unpredictable) may itself depend on attentional state.…”
Section: Location Regularitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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