Attention-mediated neurocognitive profiles in survivors of pediatric brain tumors: comparison to children with neurodevelopmental ADHD

Hardy, Kristina K.; Willard, Victoria W.; Gioia, Anthony; Sharkey, Christina; Walsh, Karin S.

doi:10.1093/neuonc/nox174

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[22][23][24][25][26][27] decision-making, and problem-solving skills. 20,28,29 One large case-control study out of Norway identified that brain tumor survivors show clear deficits across emotional control, task initiation, working memory, organization, self-monitoring, and task monitoring. 30 Furthermore, memory issues have been identified in cohorts of brain tumor survivors, ranging from poor performance in recall to recognition to immediate memory.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…30 Furthermore, memory issues have been identified in cohorts of brain tumor survivors, ranging from poor performance in recall to recognition to immediate memory. 29,31 Deficits in attention and processing speed are also common. 6,15,32 The culmination of deficits across multiple neurocognitive domains results in poor school performance, high incidence of symptoms consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, decreased independence, and other neurocognitive issues that correlate with poorer QOL (►Table 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6,15,32 The culmination of deficits across multiple neurocognitive domains results in poor school performance, high incidence of symptoms consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, decreased independence, and other neurocognitive issues that correlate with poorer QOL (►Table 1). 6,11, 22,29,[32][33][34]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children with Brain Tumors

Kline

Mueller

2020

Semin Neurol

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Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor in childhood, and although survival outcomes continue to improve, survival is frequently offset by devastating late effects from tumor and treatment. The long-term effects of brain tumors and the therapy necessary to treat them range from sensory and neuroendocrine abnormalities to neurocognitive deficits leading to inferior quality of life. The multifactorial neurocognitive injury is one of the most broadly impacting and challenging late effects to predict and subsequently treat. Certain treatment modalities, such as intrathecal methotrexate and radiation, have been shown to be associated with poor neurocognition; however, long-term outcomes remain highly variable. There are efforts underway to investigate how to better predict, identify, and manage such neurocognitive injury in survivors of pediatric brain tumors. Herein, we focus on the current knowledge of neurocognitive outcomes and potential treatment strategies for this high-risk group.

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Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children with Brain Tumors

Kline

Mueller

2020

Semin Neurol

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“…Another reason is the burgeoning population of long-term cancer survivors, a population projected to swell to 18.1 million in the USA by 2020, a 30% increase since 2010. 65 Already, for some types of childhood cancer, second cancers cause more deaths than primary tumors, 66 with effects such as cognitive deficits, 67,68 cardiovascular disease 69,70 and skeletal abnormalities [71][72][73] causing profound and permanent detriments, limiting not only quality of life, but leading to long-term employment, insurance and care issues. 74 Thus, even at the financial level, economists would point out that a reduction in the prevalence of late effects would reduce healthcare costs.…”

Section: Normal Tissue Damage Modelsbiological and Mathematicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal tissue damage: its importance, history and challenges for the future

Williams

Newhauser

2018

The British Journal of Radiology

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Sir Oliver Scott, a philanthropist and radiation biologist and, therefore, the epitome of a gentleman and a scholar, was an early Director of the BECC Radiobiology Research Unit at Mount Vernon. His tenure preceded that of Jack Fowler, with both contributing to basic, translational and clinical thought and application in radiation across the globe. With respect to this review, Fowler's name in particular has remained synonymous with the use of models, both animal and mathematical, that assess and quantify the biological mechanisms that underlie radiation-associated normal tissue toxicities. An understanding of these effects is critical to the optimal use of radiation therapy in the clinic; however, the role that basic sciences play in clinical practice has been undergoing considerable change in recent years, particularly in the USA, where there has been a growing emphasis on engineering and imaging to improve radiation delivery, with empirical observations of clinical outcome taking the place of models underpinned by evidence from basic science experiments. In honour of Scott and Fowler's work, we have taken this opportunity to review how our respective fields of radiation biology and radiation physics have intertwined over the years, affecting the clinical use of radiation with respect to normal tissue outcomes. We discuss the past and current achievements, with the hope of encouraging a revived interest in physics and biology as they relate to radiation oncology practice, since, like Scott and Fowler, we share the goal of improving the future outlook for cancer patients.

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“…1 Inconsistent results also exist when examining research on externalizing behaviors, warranting further comprehensive investigation of adjustment among PBTS. 1,4,[16][17][18] Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated psychological outcomes among youth with chronic medical conditions.…”

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Psychological adjustment outcomes among pediatric brain tumor survivors: A meta‐analysis

Sharkey

Espeleta

Traino

et al. 2020

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are at significant risk for psychological adjustment difficulties, including greater depressive and anxious symptomology. Systematic reviews have identified this heightened risk among youth with medical conditions, but these reviews have not been specific to PBTS. Therefore, the current study aimed to directly examine the psychological adjustment of PBTS as compared to healthy peers. Procedure A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo, and Academic Search Premier databases. The search yielded 2833 articles, with 22 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results A statistically significant overall medium effect size (Hedge's g = 0.32) indicated that PBTS exhibited poorer overall psychological adjustment relative to healthy comparison groups. Studies that included younger children were associated with larger between‐group differences. When evaluating specific outcomes, PBTS had relatively higher levels of depressive symptoms (Hedge's g = 0.36), anxious symptoms (Hedge's g = 0.11), and general distress (Hedge's g = 0.22), but not more externalizing problems. Conclusions The present study confirmed that PBTS are indeed at greater risk for psychological adjustment difficulties relative to healthy comparison groups. These findings highlight the importance of psychosocial screening among this population. Given that depressive symptoms were the most elevated relative to healthy peers, investigation of such symptomatology among PBTS is particularly important.

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Attention-mediated neurocognitive profiles in survivors of pediatric brain tumors: comparison to children with neurodevelopmental ADHD

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children with Brain Tumors

Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children with Brain Tumors

Normal tissue damage: its importance, history and challenges for the future

Psychological adjustment outcomes among pediatric brain tumor survivors: A meta‐analysis

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