Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Are Associated with Greater Delay Discounting of Condom-Protected Sex and Money

Berry, Meredith S.; Sweeney, Mary M.; Dolan, Sean B.; Johnson, Patrick S.; Pennybaker, Steven; Rosch, Keri S.; Johnson, Matthew W.

doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01698-8

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…sleep disorders, weight [42,67,86]), many health risks (e.g. substance misuse, self-harm, high risk sexual behaviour) are more likely to relate to the underlying neuropsychological processes in ADHD such as difficulties in evaluation of risk and delay discounting [87][88][89] and associations with impulsivity [90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient, supporter and primary healthcare professional perspectives on health risks in over 16s with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in England: a national survey study

Ward,

Becker,

Smith

et al. 2024

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Current research suggests that people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at higher risk of physical and mental health disorders. This study aimed to explore these health risks in ADHD from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. Methods This study forms part of the ‘Managing young people with ADHD in Primary care (MAP) study’. A survey developed by the study team was distributed to over 16 year olds with ADHD, their supporters, primary healthcare professionals and health commissioners across England, via social media and through patient/clinical networks (September—October 2022). This survey contained two questions on health risks. Question one asked about views on health risks in ADHD (free text). Question two asked about advice given (options list and free text). Descriptive statistics summarised responses to questions one and two, and qualitative analysis (reflexive thematic analysis) was used to explore free text responses from question one. Results 782 participants responded to the MAP survey. Of these, 206 healthcare professionals, 157 people with ADHD and 88 supporters answered question one. The most mentioned perceived risks were substance misuse, sleep disorders, weight management and smoking. More people with ADHD reported disordered eating as a health risk (n = 32) than healthcare professionals (n = 5). Generated themes included perceived health risks, impact of living with ADHD, lack of adequate healthcare, and need for ADHD awareness. In respect to advice given (question two), based on responses from 258 professionals, 162 people with ADHD and 100 supporters, the most common advice discussed in consultation was mental health (n = 149, n = 50 and n = 17 respectively). High numbers of respondents reported not giving/receiving advice on wider health (n = 38, n = 88 and n = 61 respectively). Conclusions Findings demonstrate that respondents perceived a range of physical and mental health risks posed by ADHD. These related to difficulties with activities of daily living, as well as healthcare interactions and the impact of core features of ADHD (e.g. impulsivity, emotional dysregulation). These risks are not currently explicitly addressed in United Kingdom national guidance on ADHD. More work is needed to examine and address the broader health outcomes of people with ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient, supporter and primary healthcare professional perspectives on health risks in over 16s with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in England: a national survey study

Ward,

Becker,

Smith

et al. 2024

BMC Health Serv Res

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“…Ambivalent pregnancy desire, poor contraceptive behavior, lack of contraceptive knowledge, early ages of first intercourse, more sexual partners, and low self-efficacy have all been associated with several mental disorders [4][5][6]. Although limited, studies have demonstrated a lack of utilization of women's health services and medical careseeking behaviors among mentally ill women [7][8][9]. In 2011, the rate of unintended pregnancies in the United States was 48%, with a higher rate (75%) among adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing pregnancy and pregnancy outcome rates between adolescents with and without pre-existing mental disorders

Jeon,

Albogami,

Jung

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background There are limited population-based data on the role of mental disorders in adolescent pregnancy, despite the presence of mental disorders that may affect adolescents’ desires and decisions to become pregnant. Objective This study aimed to examine the relationship between specific types of mental disorders and pregnancy rates and outcome types among adolescents aged 13–19 years, using single-year age groups. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Merative™ MarketScan Research Databases. The study population consisted of females aged 13–19 years with continuous insurance enrollment for three consecutive calendar years between 2005 and 2015. Pregnancy incidence rates were calculated both overall and within the different categories of mental disorders. The presence of mental disorders, identified through diagnosis codes, was classified into 15 categories. Pregnancy and pregnancy outcome types were determined using diagnosis and procedure codes indicating the pregnancy status or outcome. To address potential over- or underestimations of mental disorder-specific pregnancy rates resulting from variations in age distribution across different mental disorder types, we applied age standardization using 2010 U.S. Census data. Finally, multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between 15 specific types of mental disorders and pregnancy incidence rates, stratified by age. Results The age-standardized pregnancy rate among adolescents diagnosed with at least one mental disorder was 15.4 per 1,000 person-years, compared to 8.5 per 1,000 person-years among adolescents without a mental disorder diagnosis. Compared to pregnant adolescents without a mental disorder diagnosis, those with a mental disorder diagnosis had a slightly but significantly higher abortion rate (26.7% vs 23.8%, P-value < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that substance use-related disorders had the highest odds ratios (ORs) for pregnancy incidence, ranging from 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–2.7] to 4.5 [95% CI:2.1–9.5] across different age groups. Overall, bipolar disorders (OR range: 1.6 [95% CI:1.4–1.9]– 1.8 [95% CI: 1.7–2.0]), depressive disorders (OR range: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.3–1.5]– 2.7 [95% CI: 2.3–3.1]), alcohol-related disorders (OR range: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1–1.4]– 14.5 [95% CI: 1.2–178.6]), and attention-deficit/conduct/disruptive behavior disorders (OR range: 1.1 [95% CI: 1.0–1.1]– 1.8 [95% CI: 1.1–3.0]) were also significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy, compared to adolescents without diagnosed mental disorders of the same age. Conclusion This study emphasizes the elevated rates of pregnancy and pregnancy ending in abortion among adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders, and identifies the particular mental disorders associated with higher pregnancy rates.

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“…Risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) generally include all sexual activities that increase the risks of negative personal or interpersonal outcomes. Typical RSBs include an increased number of sexual partners, young age at first intercourse, inconsistent use of condoms/birth control methods, sex while consuming drugs, and sex with uncommitted partners (casual sex) 1–4 . In addition, unplanned pregnancy can be a possible outcome of RSBs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The few nonsystematic reviews on RSBs in the population with ADHD suggest that ADHD may be associated with RSBs, and these reviews include speculation that this association may be explained by hyperactivity-impulsive symptoms and/or inattentive symptoms, as well as academic impairment and family stress and conflicts 11,14–17 . Some studies have reported that, compared with individuals without ADHD, individuals suffering from ADHD have a higher number of sexual partners, 3,18 an earlier age at first intercourse, 3,18 more frequent casual sex, and a higher risk of unprotected sex 2 . Because the probability of contracting STDs is closely related to RSBs, 5,6 we hypothesized that STDs could be more frequent in patients with ADHD than in those without ADHD, and we, therefore, conducted a systematic literature review on this topic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review

Soldati,

Deiber,

Schockaert

et al. 2024

Journal of Psychiatric Practice

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Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Clinicians often assume that the specific difficulties associated with ADHD are bound to affect sexual behaviors, and favor risky sexual behaviors, thereby increasing the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This review provides an up-to-date synthesis of the literature concerning STDs in patients with ADHD. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, PsychInfo, and Embase databases, with STDs as the main outcome measure. Patients with ADHD report more STDs than the general population. Results are limited by the small number of existing studies, as well as the heterogeneity of the outcome measures. Findings from this first systematic review of data on STDs in individuals with ADHD suggest that ADHD affects sexual health and sexual behaviors. Clinicians treating patients with ADHD should explore risky sexual behaviors in their patients and raise awareness about the risk of contracting STDs. Further studies are warranted to better evaluate the risk of contracting an STD in patients with ADHD.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Are Associated with Greater Delay Discounting of Condom-Protected Sex and Money

Cited by 7 publications

References 74 publications

Patient, supporter and primary healthcare professional perspectives on health risks in over 16s with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in England: a national survey study

Patient, supporter and primary healthcare professional perspectives on health risks in over 16s with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in England: a national survey study

Comparing pregnancy and pregnancy outcome rates between adolescents with and without pre-existing mental disorders

Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review

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