Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Are Associated with Overeating with and without Loss of Control in Youth with Overweight/Obesity

Egbert, Amy H.; Wilfley, Denise E.; Eddy, Kamryn T.; Boutelle, Kerri N.; Zucker, Nancy; Peterson, Carol B.; Doyle, Angela Celio; Grange, Daniel Le; Goldschmidt, Andrea B.

doi:10.1089/chi.2017.0114

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…First, using the CEBQ, our results support current literature suggesting positive associations between core symptoms of ADHD (eg, inattention and hyperactivity) and food responsiveness and emotional overeating . A number of studies have presented evidence linking ADHD and loss of control (LOC) eating in adolescence and young adults, demonstrating shared mechanisms (eg, impulsivity) underlying the relationship between ADHD and binge eating behaviors . In our young sample, we demonstrate eating patterns that may be vulnerabilities for LOC eating, such as food responsiveness and emotional overeating, are associated with attention problems and hyperactive‐impulsive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Childhood ADHD has been associated prospectively with eating disorders that occur in adolescence, and childhood ADHD symptoms have been associated with later loss of control over eating in adulthood . In a recent cross‐sectional study of a sample of children in China (mean age of 10.6 years), ADHD symptoms were found to be related to emotional eating (over and under eating), but not with BMI .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and eating behaviors in early childhood

et al. 2020

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have been linked with eating behaviors and obesity adolescence and young adulthood. Yet, little is known about whether these associations occur during early childhood and few studies have examined these associations prospectively.Objectives: To assess magnitude and direction of associations between childhood ADHD symptoms and eating behaviors. Methods: Participants were from the Newborn Epigenetics Study (N = 470, M age = 4 years). Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine crosssectional associations between ADHD symptoms and eating behaviors. Latent Change Score (LCS) modeling was performed to examine prospective association among a subset of children with available follow-up data. (N = 100, M age = 7 years). Results:The cross-sectional results showed that attention problem (AP) and hyperactivity (HY) were positively associated with food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire to drink, and slowness in eating. AP, but not HY, was inversely associated with enjoyment of food. Results of the LCS models revealed AP and HY were both positively associated with prospective changes in emotional overeating and satiety responsiveness. AP was further positively associated with prospective changes in food responsiveness. The reverse relationship predicting changes in ADHD symptoms from earlier assessments of eating behaviors was not significant. Conclusion:Results suggest a link between ADHD symptoms and obesity-related eating behaviors in early childhood, highlighting the need to address self-regulation and healthy eating behaviors in the prevention of childhood obesity. K E Y W O R D S

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and eating behaviors in early childhood

et al. 2020

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“…This leaves the possibility of a biased sample with only the less active participants providing usable data. Since there seems to be some concurrence of overeating and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder [68], this might have particularly affected overweight/obese adolescents with pathological eating behaviour. However, the number of excluded participants was the same for both groups, indicating that data loss did not disproportionately affect overweight/ obese participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ERP and oscillatory differences in overweight/obese and normal-weight adolescents in response to food stimuli

et al. 2020

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Background: Findings are mixed regarding the association of electroencephalographic (EEG) attentional bias measures and body weight, with few studies measuring food craving or intake and no study reporting oscillatory measures. Methods: EEG data were collected while 28 satiated adolescents (14 overweight/obese) viewed pictures of neutral, lowcalorie food, and high-calorie food stimuli and rated their desire to eat, before having access to high-calorie snacks. Results: Unlike normal-weight adolescents, overweight/obese participants showed similar P300 amplitudes for high-and low-calorie food, and strongest event-related alpha band desynchronization for low-calorie stimuli. P300 amplitudes and state craving for low-calorie food furthermore predicted snack intake in this group. Conclusions: The current research focus in overweight/obesity might need to be extended to include low-calorie food. While all participants showed an attentional bias for high-calorie food, it was the processing of low-calorie food which distinguished the two weight groups on measures of neural activity and which was associated with snack food intake in the overweight/obese group.

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“…In contrast, some researchers hypothesize that ADHD contributes to obesity because the lack of inhibitory control, typical of ADHD patients, could result in a lack of planning and difficulty in self-monitoring behavior, as it occurs in the loss of control eating episodes [ 30 ]. Similarly, delay aversion, common among ADHD patients, might encourage the consumption of high-calorie foods, such as fast food, instead of healthier, home-cooked foods [ 16 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treatment and Patient Nutritional Status and Height

Granato

Ferraro

Lellis

et al. 2018

Behavioural Neurology

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been found to co-occur frequently with obesity, although the reasons for this association are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional profile of a Brazilian cohort of ADHD patients with that of the general population and to analyze the association between ADHD drug treatment (with methylphenidate), nutritional status, and height of these individuals. In the first phase of the study, we designed the nutritional and height profile of 93 ADHD patients (5.1 to 13.8 years old) and compared it to a control group. In the second phase, we analyzed the association of the use of methylphenidate with nutritional status and height. The results showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity was statistically higher in the cohort of ADHD patients compared to controls (40.9% vs. 34.7%; P < 0.05). After treating ADHD patients with methylphenidate, a statistically significant decrease in the BMI z-score was observed (0.695 vs. 0.305; P < 0.01). On the other hand, no significant impact on height was detected after treatment (0.189 vs. 0.248; P = 0.298). In conclusion, the results suggest that the use of methylphenidate in patients who have ADHD and obesity is relevant not only for controlling ADHD symptoms but also for improving the nutritional status of these individuals. Moreover, the treatment did not affect the patients' height.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Are Associated with Overeating with and without Loss of Control in Youth with Overweight/Obesity

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and eating behaviors in early childhood

Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and eating behaviors in early childhood

ERP and oscillatory differences in overweight/obese and normal-weight adolescents in response to food stimuli

Associations between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treatment and Patient Nutritional Status and Height

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