Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder prevalence and associated factors among primary schoolchildren in Amman-Jordan

Abstract

Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of ADHD among primary schoolchildren in Jordan and assess potential risk factors. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 1563 schoolchildren, aged 6 to 12 years. ADHD was assessed using parent and teacher versions of Conners Rating scale. Risk factors were evaluated through a sociodemographic questionnaire. P-value set at < .05 considered statistically significant. Results ADHD prevalence based on parents’ and teachers’ perspectives was 27.7% and 22.5%, respectively. Males, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight, low parental education and unemployment, and public schools had increased ADHD rates. Conclusion ADHD presents a major problem among primary schoolchildren in Jordan. Early detection, prevention, and management of this disease require parents' and teachers' awareness and risk factor control.