Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in elite athletes: a narrative review

Han, Doug Hyun; McDuff, David; Thompson, Donald F.; Hitchcock, Mary; Reardon, Claudia L.; Hainline, Brian

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100713

Cited by 63 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Typically, it is recommended to check vital signs (eg, pulse, blood pressure) and possibly laboratory tests (eg, drug toxicology screen) before prescribing stimulants in this population. 21 While no definitive guidelines for elite athletes are available during this pandemic, if checking…”

Section: Stimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health management of elite athletes during COVID-19: a narrative review and recommendations

Bindra²,

et al. 2020

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Elite athletes suffer many mental health symptoms and disorders at rates equivalent to or exceeding those of the general population. COVID-19 has created new strains on elite athletes, thus potentially increasing their vulnerability to mental health symptoms. This manuscript serves as a narrative review of the impact of the pandemic on management of those symptoms in elite athletes and ensuing recommendations to guide that management. It specifically addresses psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and higher levels of care. Within the realm of psychotherapy, crisis counselling might be indicated. Individual, couple/family and group psychotherapy modalities all may be helpful during the pandemic, with novel content and means of delivery. Regarding pharmacotherapy for mental health symptoms and disorders, some important aspects of management have changed during the pandemic, particularly for certain classes of medication including stimulants, medications for bipolar and psychotic disorders, antidepressants and medications for substance use disorders. Providers must consider when in-person management (eg, for physical examination, laboratory testing) or higher levels of care (eg, for crisis stabilisation) is necessary, despite potential risk of viral exposure during the pandemic. Management ultimately should continue to follow general principles of quality health care with some flexibility. Finally, the current pandemic provides an important opportunity for research on new methods of providing mental health care for athletes, and consideration for whether these new methods should extend beyond the pandemic.

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Section: Stimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health management of elite athletes during COVID-19: a narrative review and recommendations

Bindra²,

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, when post-concussive non-LD/ADHD patients are compared to such baselines, they may test in a 'normal' range and be prematurely returned to activity. Han et al (2019) also observe individuals with ADHD may show no change of neurocognitive function after suffering a concussion. 120 To the extent that such normative baselines are used as part of a protocol to determine whether the patient suffered a concussion, a concussion diagnosis may be missed.…”

Section: Ld/adhd Brain Injury and Causationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Han et al (2019) also observe individuals with ADHD may show no change of neurocognitive function after suffering a concussion. 120 To the extent that such normative baselines are used as part of a protocol to determine whether the patient suffered a concussion, a concussion diagnosis may be missed. As the aforementioned Peltonen et al article summarized, clinical decisions may be negatively skewed.…”

Section: Ld/adhd Brain Injury and Causationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cognitive Disorders Among Incoming College Football Athletes: Legal and Medical Implications of Undisclosed Inclusion in Concussion Research

Tatos¹,

Comrie²

2019

JoSPI

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“…There has been anecdotal evidence from US sports league athletes describing common cocaine consumption and lax doping controls. Recent years saw a significant increase of so-called therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs) for stimulants in athletes with diagnosed ADHD [56]. Prevalence of ADHD among elite athletes has not been investigated conclusively, but it is expected that rates are not less than in the general population [57].…”

Section: Stimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of psychotropic substances among elite athletes – a narrative review

Exner¹,

Bitar²,

Berg³

et al. 2021

Swiss Med Wkly

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elite athletes may use psychotropic substances for recreational reasons, (perceived) performance enhancement or self-medication. Causes can overlap. For athletes, substance use may be associated with various medical and social risks. Psychoactive substances include alcohol and nicotine, illicit and various prescription drugs, which all have a potential for abuse and dependence. This paper reviews the existing literature on the use of psychoactive substances and associated substance use disorders among elite athletes in terms of prevalence, patterns of use, as well as underlying causes and risk factors.METHODS: Due to the heterogeneous and partially fragmentary study data, a narrative approach with selection of applicable publications of a Medline search was chosen. RESULTS:The most commonly used psychoactive substances among elite athletes were alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, stimulants and (prescription) opioids. Overall consumption rates are lower in professional sports than in the general population, but use of several substances (smokeless tobacco products, prescription opioids, stimulants) have high prevalence in specific sports and athlete groups. Substance use is subject to multiple risk factors and varies by substance class, sport discipline, country and gender, among other factors. CONCLUSION: Knowledge on the underlying causes and patterns of substance use, as well as the prevalence of substance use disorders in professional sports, is still limited. High prevalence of various substances (i.e., nicotine, prescription opioids) may indicate potentially harmful patterns of use, requiring further research. Specific preventive and therapeutic concepts for the treatment of substance use disorders in elite athletes should be developed.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in elite athletes: a narrative review

Cited by 63 publications

References 78 publications

Mental health management of elite athletes during COVID-19: a narrative review and recommendations

Mental health management of elite athletes during COVID-19: a narrative review and recommendations

Cognitive Disorders Among Incoming College Football Athletes: Legal and Medical Implications of Undisclosed Inclusion in Concussion Research

Use of psychotropic substances among elite athletes – a narrative review

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