Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Emotion Regulation Over the Life Span

Christiansen, Hanna; Hirsch, Oliver; Albrecht, Björn; Chavanon, Mira‐Lynn

doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1003-6

Cited by 89 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…These observations stress the impact of emotional symptoms on ADHD prognosis and the value of early diagnosis to address them, moreover considering the evidence that ED symptoms could mediate the relationship between childhood ADHD and adulthood BPD symptoms [13]. In addition, knowing that ED has been associated with poor global functioning, poor prognosis, severity of ADHD, higher rate of comorbidities and persistence of ADHD in adulthood, early interventions targeting this dimension are crucially needed [1,4,[7][8][9]53]. The importance of a long-term integrative approach can be highlighted by the limited effect of medication on ED [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion dysregulation in adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comparison with borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Rüfenacht¹,

Euler

Prada³

et al. 2019

bord personal disord emot dysregul

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Background: Emotional dysregulation (ED) is now considered as an important symptom of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is believed to have a considerable impact on the severity of the disorder, one's global functioning, and the prognosis. Our research aimed to evaluate and compare ED and cognitive emotional regulation strategies between ADHD and borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients. Methods: Four hundred six French-speaking outpatients (N = 279 ADHD, N = 70 BPD, N = 60 BPD + ADHD) were assessed with the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), The Basic Empathy Scale (BES-A), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ARSV-v1.1) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). ADHD, BPD and comorbid patients were compared with each other and with samples of controls extracted from already published data. Results: ADHD patients, although having higher ED than samples derived from the general population, had less ED, better control over their emotions with higher use of adaptive cognitive strategies and lesser use of non-adaptive strategies than BPD patients. However, ADHD subjects had similar scores as BPD subjects when looking at difficulties in perceiving self and others. ED generated considerable distress in all groups and was also positively associated with ADHD symptomatology. ADHD patients with comorbid BPD had the highest scores of ED. Conclusions: Our results suggest that there may be similarly inefficient cognitive emotional regulation skills leading to ED in both disorders (ADHD and BPD). However, ADHD patients showed a higher use of adaptive cognitive emotional strategies and a lower level of ED than BPD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion dysregulation in adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comparison with borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Rüfenacht¹,

Euler

Prada³

et al. 2019

bord personal disord emot dysregul

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“…Emotion dysregulation has been acknowledged as a major deficit in ADHD (Shaw et al, 2014), but it has been argued that previous studies have not taken the potential overlap with motivational aspects and cognition into account (Christiansen et al, 2019). The present results therefore contribute new important knowledge by showing that emotion dysregulation has an independent effect on adult ADHD beyond the influence of both executive deficits and delayrelated behaviors.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Deficits In Relation To Adhdmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Previous research has emphasized the need to view attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a heterogeneous disorder related to multiple neuropsychological deficits such as executive deficits, delay-related behaviors (i.e., the tendency to prefer smaller sooner rewards to longer delayed rewards), and emotion dysregulation (Castellanos, Sonuga-Barke, Milham, & Tannock, 2006;Coghill, Seth, & Matthews, 2014;Nigg, Willcutt, Doyle, & Sonuga-Barke, 2005;Sj€ owall, Roth, Lindqvist, & Thorell, 2013). This research has largely been based on studies of children and adolescents, although there are also studies showing links between ADHD symptoms in adulthood and executive deficits (Alderson, Kasper, Hudec, & Patros, 2013;Boonstra, Oosterlaan, Sergeant, & Buitelaar, 2005), delay-related behaviors (Mowinckel, Pedersen, Eilertsen, & Biele, 2015), and emotion dysregulation (Christiansen, Hirsch, Albrecht, & Chavanon, 2019;Shaw, Stringaris, Nigg, & Leibenluft, 2014). One limitation of previous studies on adult ADHD is that few have included multiple neuropsychological deficits within the same study, the result being that we know little about the extent to which these deficits overlap in relation to ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological deficits in relation to ADHD symptoms, quality of life, and daily life functioning in young adulthood

Sjöwall

Thorell

2019

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to multiple neuropsychological deficits. However, most previous studies, especially studies of adult samples, have not taken the overlap between different neuropsychological deficits into account. In addition, the link between neuropsychological deficits and daily life functioning and quality of life needs to be further investigated. The aim was therefore to investigate the independent effects of executive deficits, delay-related behaviors and emotion dysregulation on ADHD symptom levels, daily life functioning, and quality of life in a non-clinical sample of younger adults. Results showed independent effects of all three neuropsychological deficits on the two ADHD symptom domains. With regard to daily life functioning and quality of life, bivariate relations were found to all three neuropsychological deficits. However, it was primarily the associations to executive deficits that remained significant when studying independent effects. Executive deficits were related to daily life functioning and quality of life also when controlling for ADHD symptom levels. Conclusively, this study shows that ADHD is related to multiple neuropsychological deficits, even in adulthood. Previous studies may have overestimated the importance of delay-related behaviors and emotion dysregulation for daily life functioning, as they have failed to control for the effects of executive deficits.

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“…In addition, according to Hodgens et al [38], children with ADHD have substantially lower social skills than other children, according to ratings by parents and teachers. Research has also indicated that students with ADHD often exhibit deficits in emotion regulation [39] and more internalizing problems like anxiety and depression [40]. This does not lead to the students with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms having a lower emotional self-concept; however, in the case of inattentive symptoms, the relationship with emotional self-concept is indirect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Concept and Inattention or Hyperactivity–Impulsivity Symptomatology: The Role of Anxiety

et al. 2020

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with low levels of self-concept (academic, emotional, social or physical), although this association can differ in the function of the inattention or hyperactivity–impulsivity symptomatology. Furthermore, the relation between ADHD and self-concept can be mediated or moderated by the levels of anxiety. This work is aimed to examine the differential effect of inattention symptomatology and hyperactivity–impulsivity symptomatology on academic, emotional, social and physical self-concept and the mediating or moderating role of anxiety in this relationship. A total of 167 students (70.7% boys and 29.3% girls) aged between 11 and 16 participated in this study. Students’ ADHD symptomatology, self-concept in four areas (academic, emotional, social and physical self-concept) and trait anxiety were measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. The results indicate that trait anxiety mediates the relationship between inattention and emotional, social and physical self-concept but does not moderate this relationship. Trait anxiety does not mediate or moderate the relationship between hyperactivity–impulsivity symptoms and self-concept. When inattention symptomatology increases, academic self-concept decreases directly, but students’ emotional, social and physical self-concept decreases indirectly through trait anxiety.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Emotion Regulation Over the Life Span

Cited by 89 publications

References 100 publications

Emotion dysregulation in adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comparison with borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Emotion dysregulation in adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comparison with borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Neuropsychological deficits in relation to ADHD symptoms, quality of life, and daily life functioning in young adulthood

Self-Concept and Inattention or Hyperactivity–Impulsivity Symptomatology: The Role of Anxiety

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