Attention biases to threat and behavioral inhibition in early childhood shape adolescent social withdrawal.

Pérez‐Edgar, Koraly; Bar‐Haim, Yair; McDermott, Jennifer Martin; Chronis‐Tuscano, Andrea; Pine, Daniel S.; Fox, Nathan A.

doi:10.1037/a0018486

Cited by 266 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Results showed that effortful control moderated the association between negative affect and attentional bias, such that low levels of effortful control and high levels of negative affect resulted in bias toward threat. Other work has also shown that cognitive factors (attentional bias toward threat and neural response to novelty) moderate the association between early BI and later anxiety (Perez-Edgar et al 2010;Reeb-Sutherland et al 2009). …”

Section: Temperamentmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Developmental Psychopathology of Worry

Kertz

Woodruff-Borden

2011

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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Although childhood generalized anxiety disorder is generally understudied, worry, the cardinal feature of GAD, appears to be relatively common in youth. Despite its prevalence, there are few conceptual models of the development of clinical worry in children. The current review provides a framework for integrating the developmental psychopathology perspective, models of worry in adults, and data available on worry in children. General risk factors for the development of worry are considered, as well as potential pathways including genetics, temperament, cognitive, emotional and parenting influences, as well as the influence of cognitive development. Based on this review, it appears unlikely that main effects models will be able to explain the development of GAD or clinical worry in children and that a broad, complex model incorporating a number of factors and their interactions will best describe etiological and maintaining factors. With this perspective in mind, a number of suggestions for future work are offered.

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Section: Temperamentmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Developmental Psychopathology of Worry

Kertz

Woodruff-Borden

2011

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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“…Results revealed that anxious children, regardless of disorder, showed an attention bias to threat compared to non-anxious children. Using a similar paradigm, Perez-Edgar et al [32] found that adolescents who were characterized as behaviorally inhibited during early childhood showed increased attention bias to threat compared to noninhibited adolescents. Furthermore, the magnitude of the threat bias was shown to moderate the relation between childhood temperament and maternally reported social withdrawal.…”

Section: Attention To Threat: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Attention in the Regulation of Fear and Anxiety

White¹,

Helfinstein²,

Reeb‐Sutherland³

et al. 2009

Dev Neurosci

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Emotion regulation makes use of specific aspects of attention and executive functions that are critical for the development of adaptive social functioning, and perturbations in these processes can result in maladaptive behavior and psychopathology. Both involuntary and voluntary attention processes have been examined at both the behavioral and the neural levels and are implicated in the maintenance of fearful or anxious behaviors. However, relatively little is known about how these attention processes come to influence emotional behavior across development. The current review summarizes the extant literature on the links between voluntary and involuntary attention processes and the role that these attention processes have in the etiology, maintenance, and regulation of anxious behavior.

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“…In addition, difficulties with attentional control early in development (established experimentally or through observation) have been found to predict stable elevated and low-increasing levels of anxiety across childhood (Duschenne, Vitaro & Tremblay, 2010;Pérez et al, 2010). While ACT was developed to account for the pattern of task performance exhibited by individuals with elevated levels of trait anxiety, extensions of this theoretical framework have implicated impaired attentional control in the genesis of symptoms associated with clinical anxiety disorders, including worry in GAD (Hirsh & Mathews, 2012) and the emergence of specific phobia (Oar et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Special Issue: Understanding the Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Anxiety in Childhood, Adolescence and across the Lifespan

Hadwin

Visu‐Petra

Muris³

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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Anxiety is characterised by a distinctive emotional, cognitive and behavioural symptomatology. The central emotional symptoms are fear and apprehension, often evoked by the occurrence or anticipation of specific types of situations; the primary cognitive symptoms are negative thoughts and worries concerning the uncertainties and potential threats associated with such situations; and the main behavioural symptom is avoidance or attempted avoidance of these situations (Grills, Seligman & Ollendick, 2014). People differ in terms of the degree to which they are inclined to experience anxiety, which reflects a temperamental dimension known as trait anxiety. Trait anxiety is defined as a general and stable predisposition to experience worries and concerns across different contexts, and its presence increases current and transient feelings of state anxiety in the context of or expectation of threat (Gidron, 2013). Higher levels of trait anxiety are associated with intolerance of uncertainty, which reflects a preference for certainty and increased engagement in behaviours linked to the management and avoidance of situations that are unpredictable or ambiguous (Birrell, Meares, Wilkinson & Freeston, 2011; Chen & Lovibond, 2016). Individual differences in the disposition to experience anxiety are evident from early childhood, when elevated anxiety vulnerability typically manifests as behavioural inhibition (BI). Children with high levels of BI display negative reactions to novelty, heightened sensitivity to stimulus variations and withdrawal from social situations, which can result in peer rejection and reduced assertiveness (Fox & Pine, 2012). Early manifestations of heightened dispositional anxiety predict an increased tendency to experience problematic levels of anxiety in adolescence (Fox, Henderson, Marshall, Nichols & Ghera, 2005). In addition, longitudinal evidence supports multifactorial models in which anxious rearing and parental trait anxiety play a major role in the development

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Attention biases to threat and behavioral inhibition in early childhood shape adolescent social withdrawal.

Cited by 266 publications

References 80 publications

The Developmental Psychopathology of Worry

The Developmental Psychopathology of Worry

Role of Attention in the Regulation of Fear and Anxiety

Introduction to the Special Issue: Understanding the Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Anxiety in Childhood, Adolescence and across the Lifespan

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