Attention Bias Towards Personally Relevant Stimuli: The Individual Emotional Stroop Task

Wingenfeld, Katja

doi:10.2466/pr0.99.7.781-793

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As reported by Algom et al [2], reading and colour naming are slower with emotional words. In general, patients are even slower to name the colour of a word associated with concerns related to their clinical condition [4, 16]; similarly, Wingenfeld et al [17] reported in normal controls that regardless of the emotional significance of the word, personally relevant stimuli are associated with more pronounced Stroop interference than do stimuli without personal relevance. In this study, we excluded emotional words related to psychotic symptoms in order to avoid this bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emotional Stroop task: A comparison between schizophrenic subjects and controls

Demily

Attala²,

Fouldrin³

et al. 2010

Eur. psychiatr.

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The colour-word Emotional Stroop task (ES task) has been proposed to assess the interferences between emotion and attention. Using this task, first, we examined how attention (using reaction times) can be modified by emotionally relevant words in schizophrenics as compared with controls as a function of the emotional significance of the word; second, we tested the assumption that schizophrenics with the most negative symptoms will show higher impairment in relationship to negative emotional words. In general, schizophrenics were slower to react. In both groups, mean reaction times were slower for emotional as compared with neutral words. No significant differences were observed between negative and positive words either in schizophrenics (n=21) or in controls (n=20). Even in the most negative schizophrenic patients, there were no differences between negative and positive words. There were no significant interactions between type of stimulus and any clinical variables (PANSS negative or non negative categorization, etc.). Also, there were no statistically significant correlations between reaction times and neuroleptic dosage or anhedonia scores. In conclusion, schizophrenia patients showed the same degree of interference from emotional words as compared with controls. Moreover, patients with a higher level of negative symptoms did not differently experience positive and negative words.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emotional Stroop task: A comparison between schizophrenic subjects and controls

Demily

Attala²,

Fouldrin³

et al. 2010

Eur. psychiatr.

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show abstract

“…Despite debate (Algom, Chajut, & Lev, 2004), there is increasing evidence that Stroop effects may be domain specific, with greater interference in trait-related but not unrelated areas (Edelstein & Gillath, 2008) and in domains of ideographic importance (Wingenfeld et al, 2006). Reaction times consistent with specificity occurs among smokers (Drobes, Elibero, & Evans, 2006), drinkers (Carrigan, Drobes, & Randall, 2004), persons worried about health (Matthews & MacLeod, 1986), and asthmatics (Jessop, Rutter, Sharma, & Albery, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Are We Worrying About the Right Men and Are the Right Men Feeling Worried? Conscious But Not Unconscious Prostate Anxiety Predicts Screening Among Men From Three Ethnic Groups

Consedine

2011

Am J Mens Health

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Anxieties regarding cancer and screening have been consistently linked in prostate screening behavior with cancerrelated anxieties generally thought to be higher among minority men. To date, however, the literature linking cancer anxieties to screening among diverse men remains predicated on self-reported anxiety. Research has yet to consider how "accurate" the reporting of anxiety may be among distinct groups of men or the possibility that anxiety may influence prostate cancer (PC) screening behavior through conscious and nonconscious channels; the current study tested for discrepancies between self-report and Stroop-ascertained general-and prostate-specific anxiety and their links to screening among 180 U.S.-born African American, U.S.-born European American, and immigrant Jamaican men. Men provided self-report information regarding trait and prostate-related anxiety and completed an emotional Stroop task. Mixed model ANOVAs showed that while U.S.-born African Americans had few discrepancies between selfreport and Stroop-ascertained anxiety, Jamaicans reported greater PC anxiety than indicated by Stroop performance, while the opposite was true among U.S.-born Europeans. As expected, self-reported (but not Stroop-ascertained) PC anxiety predicted screening in multivariate analysis. Although men from different age and ethnic groups varied in the discrepancy between self-reported and Stroop-ascertained PC anxiety, the influence of avoidance-producing emotions appears to operate predominantly through conscious channels.

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“…However, the effect of emotion is magnified by trauma exposure: participants exposed to trauma (e.g., combat, assault) were negatively affected by words relating to their trauma more so than controls (Cisler et al, 2011 ). Even healthy participants who had not been exposed to a traumatic event have demonstrated emotional Stroop interference when the words were related to a personal emotional or stressful event (Wingenfeld et al, 2006 ), suggesting that even non-traumatic events in non-clinical samples can elicit intrusive memories that interfere with attention and inhibitory control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crisis-related stimuli do not increase the emotional attentional blink in a general university student population

Santacroce,

Tamber-Rosenau

2024

Cogn. Research

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Crises such as natural disasters or pandemics negatively impact the mental health of the affected community, increasing rates of depression, anxiety, or stress. It has been proposed that this stems in part from crisis-related stimuli triggering negative reactions that interrupt daily life. Given the frequency and prominence of crisis events, it is crucial to understand when crisis-related stimuli involuntarily capture attention and trigger increased stress and distraction from obligations. The emotional attentional blink (EAB) paradigm—in which emotional distractors hinder report of subsequent targets in streams of rapidly displayed stimuli—allows examination of such attentional capture in a rapidly changing dynamic environment. EABs are typically observed with generally disturbing stimuli, but stimuli related to personal traumas yield similar or greater effects, indicating strong attentional capture by stimuli related to individual trauma history. The current study investigated whether a similar comparable or increased crisis-related EAB exists within a community affected by large-scale crisis. Specifically, effects of conventional emotional distractors and distractors related to recent crises were compared using EABs in university students without a mental health diagnosis. Experiment 1 used images related to Hurricane Harvey, evaluating a crisis 4 years prior to data collection. Experiment 2 used words related to the COVID pandemic, evaluating an ongoing crisis at the time of data collection. In both experiments, the conventional EAB distractors yielded strong EABs, while the crisis-related distractors yielded absent or weak EABs in the same participants. This suggests that crisis-related stimuli do not have special potency for capturing attention in the general university student population. More generally, crises affecting communities do not necessarily yield widespread, strong reactivity to crisis-related stimuli.

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Attention Bias Towards Personally Relevant Stimuli: The Individual Emotional Stroop Task

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

The Emotional Stroop task: A comparison between schizophrenic subjects and controls

The Emotional Stroop task: A comparison between schizophrenic subjects and controls

Are We Worrying About the Right Men and Are the Right Men Feeling Worried? Conscious But Not Unconscious Prostate Anxiety Predicts Screening Among Men From Three Ethnic Groups

Crisis-related stimuli do not increase the emotional attentional blink in a general university student population

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