Attention and repetition priming in the verb generation task

Prull, Matthew W.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.03.010

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Our findings are in contrast with early views that implicit memory is automatic and does not require attention at encoding (e.g., Eich, 1984 ; Parkin et al, 1990 ; Szymanski and MacLeod, 1996 ). They are in agreement with more recent findings that suggest the importance of attention in perceptual and conceptual repetition priming (e.g., Ballesteros et al, 2006 , 2008 , 2013a , b ; Prull, 2013 ). Both types of priming require attention at encoding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our results are in agreement with those of a recent study that used verb generation, a conceptual implicit memory task ( Prull, 2013 ). That study showed that conceptual priming is sensitive to attention at encoding and is also in disagreement with the automatic encoding view of implicit memory, because several experiments demonstrated that divided attention reduces verb generation priming while selective attention extinguished it totally.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Further studies reported attentional effects for words in both explicit and implicit memory tests (e.g., MacDonald and McLeod, 1998 ; Crabb and Dark, 1999 ; Stone et al, 2000 ). In a recent study, Prull (2013) showed that verb generation (a conceptual implicit memory task) is sensitive to divided attention at encoding, because using a demanding distracting task reduced priming significantly, while the manipulation of selective attention eliminated priming. According to the literature, selective attention tends to produce stronger effects on memory than divided attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective attention affects conceptual object priming and recognition: a study with young and older adults

Ballesteros

Mayas

2015

Front. Psychol.

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In the present study, we investigated the effects of selective attention at encoding on conceptual object priming (Experiment 1) and old–new recognition memory (Experiment 2) tasks in young and older adults. The procedures of both experiments included encoding and memory test phases separated by a short delay. At encoding, the picture outlines of two familiar objects, one in blue and the other in green, were presented to the left and to the right of fixation. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to attend to the picture outline of a certain color and to classify the object as natural or artificial. After a short delay, participants performed a natural/artificial speeded conceptual classification task with repeated attended, repeated unattended, and new pictures. In Experiment 2, participants at encoding memorized the attended pictures and classify them as natural or artificial. After the encoding phase, they performed an old–new recognition memory task. Consistent with previous findings with perceptual priming tasks, we found that conceptual object priming, like explicit memory, required attention at encoding. Significant priming was obtained in both age groups, but only for those pictures that were attended at encoding. Although older adults were slower than young adults, both groups showed facilitation for attended pictures. In line with previous studies, young adults had better recognition memory than older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective attention affects conceptual object priming and recognition: a study with young and older adults

Ballesteros

Mayas

2015

Front. Psychol.

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“…We believe that our results are more consistent with the identification/production view. There is some evidence that the negative effects of manipulating attention at encoding are most pronounced during production than identification tasks ( Gabrieli et al, 1999 ), although this remains somewhat controversial (e.g., Light et al, 2000 ; Spataro et al, 2010 ; Prull, 2013 ). The general idea is that the test cues in production tasks (e.g., word-stem completion) are more likely to initiate response competition amongst multiple plausible alternatives (e.g., CARROT and CARPET are valid completions for the word stem CAR___).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One popular method is to instruct participants to process a given stimulus (e.g., reading target words) whilst performing a secondary, unrelated task on distractor stimuli (e.g., digit monitoring). Initial evidence using this approach provided mixed results, with some studies showing marked effects of divided-attention (e.g., Stone et al, 1998 , 2000 ; Rajaram et al, 2001 ; Prull, 2013 ), while others showing little to no effect of dividing attention at study (e.g., Parkin and Russo, 1990 ; Szymanski and MacLeod, 1996 ; Light et al, 2000 ; Soldan et al, 2008 ). Mulligan and Hartman (1996) and Mulligan (1997) suggested that differences among studies could stem from the nature of the priming task administered during the test phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does long-term object priming depend on the explicit detection of object identity at encoding?

Gomes

Mayes

2015

Front. Psychol.

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It is currently unclear whether objects have to be explicitly identified at encoding for reliable behavioral long-term object priming to occur. We conducted two experiments that investigated long-term object and non-object priming using a selective-attention encoding manipulation that reduces explicit object identification. In Experiment 1, participants either counted dots flashed within an object picture (shallow encoding) or engaged in an animacy task (deep encoding) at study, whereas, at test, they performed an object-decision task. Priming, as measured by reaction times (RTs), was observed for both types of encoding, and was of equivalent magnitude. In Experiment 2, non-object priming (faster RTs for studied relative to unstudied non-objects) was also obtained under the same selective-attention encoding manipulation as in Experiment 1, and the magnitude of the priming effect was equivalent between experiments. In contrast, we observed a linear decrement in recognition memory accuracy across conditions (deep encoding of Experiment 1 > shallow encoding Experiment 1 > shallow encoding of Experiment 2), suggesting that priming was not contaminated by explicit memory strategies. We argue that our results are more consistent with the identification/production framework than the perceptual/conceptual distinction, and we conclude that priming of pictures largely ignored at encoding can be subserved by the automatic retrieval of two types of instances: one at the motor level and another at an object-decision level.

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Not all identification tasks are born equal: testing the involvement of production processes in perceptual identification and lexical decision

Spataro

Saraulli

Mulligan

et al. 2017

Psychological Research

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The distinction between identification and production processes suggests that implicit memory should require more attention resources when there is a competition between alternative solutions during the test phase. The present two experiments assessed this hypothesis by examining the effects of divided attention (DA) at encoding on the high- and low-response-competition versions of perceptual identification (Experiment 1) and lexical decision (Experiment 2). In both experiments, words presented in the high-response-competition condition had many orthographic neighbours and at least one higher-frequency neighbour, whereas words presented in the low-response-competition condition had few orthographic neighbours and no higher-frequency neighbour. Consistent with the predictions of the identification/production distinction, Experiment 1 showed that DA reduced repetition priming in the high-, but not in the low-response-competition version of perceptual identification; in contrast, DA had comparable effects in the two versions of lexical decision (Experiments 2). These findings provide the first experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis that perceptual identification, a task nominally based on identification processes, might involve a substantive production component.

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Attention and repetition priming in the verb generation task

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Selective attention affects conceptual object priming and recognition: a study with young and older adults

Selective attention affects conceptual object priming and recognition: a study with young and older adults

Does long-term object priming depend on the explicit detection of object identity at encoding?

Not all identification tasks are born equal: testing the involvement of production processes in perceptual identification and lexical decision

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