Attention and recognition biases associated with stature dissatisfaction among young men in China

Liu, Jie; Chen, Hong; Gao, Xiao; Meng, Rui; Jackson, Todd

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.08.011

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Body dissatisfaction has also been studied in men who aim to be stronger, with larger muscles and a well-toned body ( Cordes et al, 2016 ; Cordes et al, 2017 ; Joseph et al, 2016 ). Individuals with body dissatisfaction show attentional bias toward images of bodies when countering information from their own bodies or others ( Cho & Lee, 2012 ; Cordes et al, 2016 ; Cordes et al, 2017 ; Joseph et al, 2016 ), specific stature dissatisfaction ( Liu et al, 2014 ), and emotion regulation difficulties ( Griffiths et al, 2014 ). Although these findings reveal an increased focus on specific body information, these studies did not examine the mechanisms underpinning such an attentional bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional biases toward body images in males at high risk of muscle dysmorphia

Jin

Zhou

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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ObjectiveAlthough research on muscle dysmorphia (MD), a body dysmorphic disorder subtype, has recently increased, the causes and mechanisms underlying this disorder remain unclear. Results from studies examining disorders associated with body image suggest the involvement of self-schema in biasing attention toward specific body information. The present study examined whether individuals at higher risk of MD also display attentional biases toward specific types of body images.MethodsThe validated Chinese version of the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale was used to distinguish men at higher and lower risk of MD. Sixty-five adult Chinese men at higher (HRMD, n = 33) and lower risk of MD (LRMD, n = 32) performed a visual probe task. Initially, an image of a bodybuilder with either larger or smaller musculature was presented on one side of a central point, with a neutral image of a car exterior presented on the other side along the horizontal plane for 2,000 ms. The paired images were removed, and a visual target (a dot) was displayed in the location of one of the previously shown images. Participants were asked to indicate the location of the target, and their eye movements were recorded during the entire visual presentation. Participant reaction time and three eye movement measurements (gaze direction, first saccade latency, and first fixation duration) were recorded for use in determining attentional bias.ResultsThe HRMD group revealed biases in orienting and maintaining their attention on images of bodybuilders with larger musculatures. Participants in this group consequently had a shorter reaction time in identifying the target that appeared at the location in which an image of a bodybuilder with a larger musculature had been previously displayed. They also directed their initial gaze more frequently, had shorter saccade latency, and had longer first fixation duration on images of bodybuilders with larger musculatures (all p < .0001). In comparison, the LRMD group had longer reaction times, slower attention orientation toward body images, and shorter fixation duration for images of bodybuilders with larger musculatures (all p < .0001), indicating weaker or mixed responses.DiscussionAdult Chinese men at higher risk of MD displayed biases in orienting and maintaining their visual attention toward images of bodybuilders with larger musculatures, and these biases facilitated their information processing. These results suggest that development of MD may be due in part to attentional biases associated with established negative self-schema of specific body information. These findings provide insight into understanding and identifying the cognitive characteristics of MD in an Asian population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional biases toward body images in males at high risk of muscle dysmorphia

Jin

Zhou

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…However, Liu et al (2014) and Chen et al (2017) found that subjects in the HHD group selectively avoided short-related words whereas no attentional bias toward tall-related words was found behaviorally. One possible reason was that the durations of stimuli presentation were different between the present study and the previous two studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As all of these studies focused on concerns with body weight and body size/shape among females, the attentional biases (AB) for males with physical stature concerns remain to be studied. To our knowledge, there were only two previous studies that have investigated attentional biases associated with height dissatisfaction (Chen, Liu, Chen, Chen, & Gao, 2017;Liu, Chen, Gao, Meng, & Jackson, 2014). Using a dot-probe task, Liu et al (2014) found that males with high height dissatisfaction (the HHD group) were significantly slower than males with low height dissatisfaction (the LHD group) in responding to probes that preceded by short-related words, but the two groups did not differ in responding to probes that preceded by tall-related or neutral words.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…To our knowledge, there were only two previous studies that have investigated attentional biases associated with height dissatisfaction (Chen, Liu, Chen, Chen, & Gao, 2017;Liu, Chen, Gao, Meng, & Jackson, 2014). Using a dot-probe task, Liu et al (2014) found that males with high height dissatisfaction (the HHD group) were significantly slower than males with low height dissatisfaction (the LHD group) in responding to probes that preceded by short-related words, but the two groups did not differ in responding to probes that preceded by tall-related or neutral words. Chen et al (2017) used the same dot-probe task as Liu et al (2014) and recorded eye-movements during the task, and they found similar results on reaction times.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Using a dot-probe task, Liu et al (2014) found that males with high height dissatisfaction (the HHD group) were significantly slower than males with low height dissatisfaction (the LHD group) in responding to probes that preceded by short-related words, but the two groups did not differ in responding to probes that preceded by tall-related or neutral words. Chen et al (2017) used the same dot-probe task as Liu et al (2014) and recorded eye-movements during the task, and they found similar results on reaction times. In addition, the eye-tracking data revealed significantly less and shorter first fixations on short-related words for the HHD group than the LHD group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Auditory attentional biases in young males with physical stature dissatisfaction

et al. 2020

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The attentional biases toward body‐related information for individuals with weight concerns and eating disorders have been well documented. However, our knowledge of the attentional biases toward body‐related information for subjects with physical stature concerns is only at the beginning. And the research on the auditory attentional biases for individuals with physical stature concerns is rare. The identification of attentional biases may provide an impetus for interventions to reduce distress among height dissatisfied individuals. Therefore, the present study investigated the neural mechanisms of attentional bias toward auditory physical stature‐related words among height dissatisfied young males by using event‐related potential recordings. Forty‐four young male participants screened by Negative Physical Self Scale‐Stature Concerns subscale (NPS‐S) were assigned into an experimental group with high levels of height dissatisfaction (HHD) and a control group with low levels of height dissatisfaction (LHD). Task irrelevant auditory tall‐related words, short‐related words and neutral words were presented unilaterally to the participants as the cue in a cue‐target paradigm. Participants were required to respond to the visual target preceded by the task‐irrelevant auditory cue. The results found that significantly larger N2ac was elicited by tall‐related words than short‐related words and neutral words only for the HHD group, but not for the LHD group. LPCpc amplitudes did not differ significantly by the functions of word types and experimental groups. These results suggest an attentional orienting bias toward auditory tall‐related words for young males with high levels of height dissatisfaction.

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Validation of the translated Negative Physical Self Scale in a female North American sample: Preliminary examination

Misener

Libben

2019

Eating Behaviors

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Attention and recognition biases associated with stature dissatisfaction among young men in China

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Attentional biases toward body images in males at high risk of muscle dysmorphia

Attentional biases toward body images in males at high risk of muscle dysmorphia

Auditory attentional biases in young males with physical stature dissatisfaction

Validation of the translated Negative Physical Self Scale in a female North American sample: Preliminary examination

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