Attend or defend? Sex differences in behavioral, autonomic, and respiratory response patterns to emotion–eliciting films

Wilhelm, Frank H.; Rattel, Julina A.; Wegerer, Melanie; Liedlgruber, Michael; Schweighofer, Simon; Kreibig, Sylvia D.; Kolodyazhniy, Vitaliy; Blechert, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.006

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Women exhibit more positive expressions in response to a positive stimulus and more negative expressions in response to a negative stimulus, so that the variations of the EMG-Corrugator and EMG-Zygomaticus signals of women are greater than those of men [36]. Further, the present finding is also supported by Wilhelm et al' study, stating that women have more respiratory reactivity than men in response to high arousal / negative stimulus, but smaller respiratory reactivity than men in response to high arousal / positive stimulus [19]. From the perspective of age, the averages of classification rates of young subjects are higher than those of old subjects for the 3-category-class of Valence and the 2-category-class of Dominance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Further, several studies indicate that old subjects have lower physiological responses in terms of electromyography, skin conductance, heart rate changes and finger temperature [15,16]. However, fewer investigations are conducted on the effect of gender and age on the psychophysiological emotion classification [17,18,19]. To the best of our knowledge, studies related to the influence of gender and age on the classification accuracies are very limited despite their important implications in the emotion computing field.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

SIPIJ

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Human action recognition is still a challenging problem and researchers are focusing to investigate this problem using different techniques. We propose a robust approach for human action recognition. This is achieved by extracting stable spatio-temporal features in terms of pairwise local binary pattern (P-LBP) and scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). These features are used to train an MLP neural network during the training stage, and the action classes are inferred from the test videos during the testing stage. The proposed features well match the motion of individuals and their consistency, and accuracy is higher using a challenging dataset. The experimental evaluation is conducted on a benchmark dataset commonly used for human action recognition. In addition, we show that our approach outperforms individual features i.e. considering only spatial and only temporal feature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

SIPIJ

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“…In terms of emotional SEX DIFFERENCES IN EMOTIONAL CONCORDANCE 7 concordance, previous studies either investigated average sex differences with regard to reactivity to discrete emotional states (e.g., happy, sad, fear; e.g. Kreibig, Wilhelm, Roth, Gross, 2007;Kring, & Gordon, 1998;Wilhelm et al, 2017), by categorizing and comparing positively and negatively valenced stimuli (pictures: e.g., Bradley, Codispoti, Cuthbert, & Lang, 2001;Bradley, Codispoti, Sabatinelli, & Lang, 2001;Bradley, Lang, & Cuthbert, 1993;sounds: Bradley & Lang, 2000b), by using a free recall task (Neumann & Waldstein, 2001), or during stress induction (Avero & Calvo, 1999;Poppelaars, Klackl, Pletzer, Wilhelm, & Jonas, 2019;Van Doornen, 1986). The recent study by Wilhelm et al (2017) underlines that women and men may differ in their average sympathetic and parasympathetic response patterns to aversive films (indicating defense vs. orienting) and those physiological sex differences likely influence emotional concordance along the affective valence and arousal dimensions.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Response System Concordancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Film stimuli were presented on a 24''LED monitor with a 1920´1080 resolution at a viewing distance of 65cm, using E-Prime 2.0 presentation software (Psychology Software Tools, Sharpsburg, PA). In a previous pilot study, film clips from German dubbed movies and television shows were chosen that mapped to the affective space dimensions of bipolar Wilhelm et al, 2017). Therefore, presenting 15 film clips in total yielded 15 measurement points across emotional states.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in emotional concordance

Rattel

Mauss

Liedlgruber

et al. 2020

Biological Psychology

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Emotions involve response synchronization across experiential, physiological, and behavioral systems, referred to as concordance or coherence. Women are thought to be more emotionally aware and expressive than men and may therefore display stronger response concordance; however, research on this topic is scant. Using a random-order film-average design, we assessed concordance among experiential (arousal, valence), autonomic (electrodermal activity, heart rate, preejection-period, respiratory-sinus-arrhythmia), respiratory (respiratory-rate), and behavioral (corrugator and zygomatic electromyography) responses to 15 two-minute films varying in valence and arousal. We then calculated for each participant and pair of measures a within-subject correlation index using averages from the 15 films. Pronounced individual concordance of up to 0.9 was observed. Arousal-physiology and valence-behavior concordances were particularly pronounced. Women displayed higher concordance than men for almost all measures. Findings indicate stronger psychophysiological response coupling in women than men and provide novel insights into affective differences between the sexes.

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“…Individuals demonstrating higher HRV employ more adaptive regulation strategies and less avoidance strategies when experiencing negative emotions (Geisler, Kubiak, Siewert, & Weber, 2013) and less maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., defensiveness) when experiencing fear (Pauls & Stemmler, 2003). Further, incomplete HF-HRV recovery following stressor exposure has been associated with difficulty recovering psychologically from stressors, limited ability to effectively evaluate whether a threat persists (Wilhelm et al, 2017), disruptions in emotional processing, and post-trauma affect dysregulation (Clapp, Patton, & Beck, 2015). Given the role of parasympathetic activation in adaptive responding to distress, measuring HF-HRV recovery from failure may, thus, provide insight into the role of PNS activity in maladaptive responding commonly experienced by perfectionists.…”

Section: Perfectionism and Physiological Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular effects of brief mindfulness meditation among perfectionists experiencing failure

et al. 2020

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Research links perfectionism, the tendency to hold and pursue unrealistically high standards, to negative mental health outcomes such as eating disorders, anxiety, and depression. Previous research used high frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV) to measure recovery from stress during a mindfulness meditation in perfectionistic university students and found that only nonperfectionists demonstrated HF‐HRV recovery from stress, suggesting that mindfulness was not effective for perfectionists. However, the mindfulness meditation did not incorporate a nonjudgment element, which may be a key component for perfectionists. In the current study, we examined whether mindfulness with a focus on nonjudgment helps university student perfectionists (n = 120) recover from failure (measured by heart rate (HR), HF‐HRV, pNN50). Students were randomly assigned to one of four meditation groups: nonjudgment mindfulness, general mindfulness (i.e., attentional awareness without a nonjudgment component), progressive muscle relaxation, and nothing. Cardiac data were recorded during a 5‐min baseline, failure task, and 10‐min meditation session. HR results suggest that both mindfulness conditions and “nothing” encouraged cardiovascular recovery, but that the mindfulness conditions showed even further recovery during the last five minutes of the meditations. HF‐HRV results indicated that participants in the nonjudgment mindfulness condition had marginally higher HF‐HRV during the last five minutes of the meditation than at baseline, while participants in the other conditions did not. Therefore, mindfulness with a focus on nonjudgment of emotions may be especially important to help perfectionists improve HF‐HRV after failure.

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Attend or defend? Sex differences in behavioral, autonomic, and respiratory response patterns to emotion–eliciting films

Cited by 38 publications

References 71 publications

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Sex differences in emotional concordance

Cardiovascular effects of brief mindfulness meditation among perfectionists experiencing failure

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