Attempts to reproduce swollen head syndrome in specific pathogen‐free chickens by inoculating with<i>Escherichia coli</i>and/or turkey rhinotracheitis virus

Nakamura, Kikuyasu; Mase, Masaji; Tanimura, Nobuhiko; Yamaguchi, Shigeo; Yuasa, N.

doi:10.1080/03079459808419270

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Chicken field isolates may represent a subpopulation of turkey rhinotracheitis virus that adapted to chickens (Buys et al, 1989a). Even with chicken isolates, which had been propagated under laboratory conditions, it had been difficult to reproduce under experimental conditions the typical swollen sinuses, which are observed in chickens in the field (Jones et al, 1987;Majó et al, 1995Majó et al, , 1997Catelli et al, 1998;Nakamura et al, 1998). Our study now indicates that aMPV subtypes A and B of turkey origin were both pathogenic for commercial broilers, and induced swelling of periorbital sinuses and histopathological lesions in the upper respiratory tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Reproducibility of swollen sinuses in broilers by experimental infection with avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B of turkey origin and their comparative pathogenesis

et al. 2008

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Swollen head syndrome (SHS) associated with avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype A or subtype B in broilers and broiler breeders has been reported worldwide. Data about pathogenesis of aMPV subtypes A and B in broilers are scarce. It has been difficult to reproduce swollen sinuses in chickens with aMPV under experimental conditions. In the field, SHS in broilers is suspected to be induced by combined infections with different respiratory pathogens. The objectives of the present study were to compare the pathogenesis of subtypes A and B aMPV in commercial broilers and to investigate the reproducibility of clinical disease. In two repeat experiments, commercial broilers free of aMPV maternal antibodies were inoculated with aMPV subtypes A and B of turkey origin. The clinical signs such as depression, coughing, nasal exudates, and frothy eyes appeared at 4 days post inoculation, followed by swelling of periorbital sinuses at 5 days post inoculation. Higher numbers of broilers showed clinical signs in subtype-B-inoculated compared with subtype-A-inoculated groups. Seroconversion to aMPV was detectable from 10 to 11 days post inoculation. The appearance of serum aMPV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies and the clearance of the aMPV genome coincided. Subtype B aMPV showed a broader tissue distribution and longer persistence than subtype A. Histopathological changes were observed in the respiratory tract tissues of aMPV-inoculated broilers, and also in paraocular glands, such as the Harderian and lachrymal glands. Overall, our study shows that representative strains of both aMPV turkey isolates induced lesions in the respiratory tract, accompanied by swelling of infraorbital sinuses, indicating the role of aMPV as a primary pathogen for broilers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Reproducibility of swollen sinuses in broilers by experimental infection with avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B of turkey origin and their comparative pathogenesis

et al. 2008

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“…IBV M41 and E. coli were isolated from a broiler flock in the USA that experienced SHS (Droual and Woolcock, 1994). aMPV (Picault et al, 1987;Aung et al, 2008), FAdV (Droual and Woolcock, 1994;Georgiades et al, 2001) and secondary infection (such as E. coli) have been implicated as the cause of SHS in chickens (Nakamura et al, 1997;Nakamura et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of IS/885/00-like infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chicks

Awad

Chhabra

Forrester

et al. 2016

Research in Veterinary Science

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Pathogenesis of an IS/885/00-like (IS/885) strain of variant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was examined in one day old specific pathogen free (SPF) and commercial broiler chicks. Chicks were humanely euthanized at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21 and 28 days post infection (dpi) for necropsy examination, and tissues were collected for histopathology and virus detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Respiratory clinical signs and gross lesions consisting of tracheal caseous exudate and plugs, and swollen kidneys (with or without) urate deposits were observed in SPF and broiler chicks. The onset of disease developed more slowly and were of lesser severity in broiler compared to SPF chicks, reflecting the inhibitory effects of the IBV maternal-antibodies in the broiler chicks or genetic/strain susceptibility, or both. Head swelling was observed in one infected broiler chick at 15 dpi and the virus was recovered by RT-PCR and isolation. In the IS/885-infected SPF chicks, cystic oviducts were found in two female chicks. IS/885 was isolated from the cystic fluid. Using ELISA, low to moderate levels of the antibodies to IBV was detected in the SPF compared to broiler infected chicks.

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“…This point requires further investigation. It is not surprising that the nervous signs associated with SHS in the field was not seen in these experimental studies since other agents, including, for example, Escherichia coli, are believed to be associated with SHS (Nakamura et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian pneumovirus infection of laying hens: Experimental studies

Cook¹,

Chesher

Orthel

et al. 2000

Avian Pathology

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Administration of a virulent strain of avian pneumovirus (APV) to specific pathogen free laying hens by the oculonasal route failed to induce a drop in egg production or any adverse effects on eggshell quality. However, intravenous (i.v.) inoculation of the same strain caused a substantial drop in egg production and a high incidence of soft and thin-shelled eggs. Some respiratory signs were also observed and the hens appeared sick, with diarrhoea being observed in approximately one-half of the hens between 4 and 11 days post-inoculation (p.i.). APV antigen was detected in the oviduct epithelium up to 9 days p.i. This challenge model was then used to investigate the efficacy of live attenuated turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) vaccine administered alone at 1 day old, or an inactivated TRT vaccine (at 16 weeks), or a combined programme using both vaccines, in protecting against this challenge. Neither the live nor the inactivated vaccine alone protected against clinical signs (respiratory infection or diarrhoea). However, the inactivated, but not the live, vaccine did protect against the effect of the i.v. challenge on laying performance. In contrast, the combined vaccination programme protected completely against both clinical signs and poor egg-laying performance. This protection lasted until at least 60 weeks of age. On the basis of the results with this experimental model, it is concluded that the use of live priming followed by administration of inactivated TRT vaccine is necessary to provide complete protection of laying chickens against APV challenge.

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Attempts to reproduce swollen head syndrome in specific pathogen‐free chickens by inoculating withEscherichia coliand/or turkey rhinotracheitis virus

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Reproducibility of swollen sinuses in broilers by experimental infection with avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B of turkey origin and their comparative pathogenesis

Reproducibility of swollen sinuses in broilers by experimental infection with avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B of turkey origin and their comparative pathogenesis

Experimental infection of IS/885/00-like infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chicks

Avian pneumovirus infection of laying hens: Experimental studies

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