Attempts to Induce Blackwater Fever Experimentally

Gm, Findlay; Jl, Markson

doi:10.1080/00034983.1947.11685307

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

1947

DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1947.11685307

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Attempts to Induce Blackwater Fever Experimentally

Findlay Gm¹,

Markson Jl²

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1964

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Cited by 11 publications

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“…They conducted never-to-berepeated experiments where men were intentionally given falciparum malaria infections to test the strain-specificity of blackwater fever. 18,19 Although nearly all blood transfers resulted in symptomatic falciparum malaria infection, none produced blackwater fever. Whether this was a valid test of strain-specificity or not, certain hyperendemic areas were known for blackwater fever (West Africa, Rhodesia, and Macedonia), whereas it was almost never reported from the Philippines or Ceylon.…”

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The Multifactorial Epidemiology of Blackwater Fever

Shanks

2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Blackwater fever is a massive hemolytic event usually occurring in the context of repeated falciparum malaria infections and intermittent quinine use. Its etiology is poorly understood, and it is rarely seen today. Historical epidemiological observations from the 20th century demonstrated variable patterns in prisoners in Andaman Islands, refugees in Macedonia, canal workers in Panama, expatriates in Rhodesia, and Second World War soldiers. Rates of blackwater fever per 1,000 malaria cases varied over two orders of magnitude. Islands, such as the Andaman Islands and New Guinea, had lower blackwater fever rates than continental areas. During the Second World War, blackwater fever rates in British soldiers in West Africa and Australian soldiers in New Guinea differed by a factor of 40 despite similar treatment regimens and falciparum malaria transmission risks. Blackwater fever is a complex interaction between host erythrocyte, falciparum malaria, and antimalarial drugs which remains poorly understood.

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The Multifactorial Epidemiology of Blackwater Fever

Shanks

2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Blackwater fever like in murine malaria

et al. 2012

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Blackwater fever (BWF) is the term used to designate the occurrence of hemoglobin pigments in the urine of patients infected with malaria parasites. BWF is more often associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection in man. The pathogenesis of BWF has not been explained satisfactorily. In the present study, the clinical and pathological observations made upon CD1 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii yoelii lethal strain with clinical signs of hemoglobinuria and acute renal failure were evaluated. From the 40 P. yoelii yoelii-infected mice, 14 presented hemoglobinuria. In the observations, it was emphasized that hemoglobinuria occurred in the animals 1-2 days before they die. At 6 days post-infection, infected hemoglobinuric mice (HM) exhibited clinical signs such as dark red urine, apnea, and evident oliguria and hematuria; urine microscopical examination showed very few red blood cells. The entire non hemoglobinuric infected mice had a high parasitemia preceding the time of death, while the HM parasitemia was just detectable. In HM, marked hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and renal and hepatic dysfunction were observed with the blood chemistry analysis at 6 days post-infection. Severe renal lesions were demonstrated in histopathological and scanning electron microscopy samples. Occlusion and necrosis of convoluted tubules were the main lesions found. The conditions required for the experimental production of hemoglobinuria in CD1 mouse infected by P. yoelii yoelii is still unknown. The clinical picture of a BWF, like in our rodents, was produced exclusively by the interaction between the parasite and its host. Results showed that hemoglobinuria in CD1 mice infected with P. yoelii yoelii and BWF in man infected with P. falciparum are similar in their pathogenesis.

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Oliguric renal failure in blackwater fever

Dukes¹,

Sealey²,

Forbes³

1968

The American Journal of Medicine

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Attempts to Induce Blackwater Fever Experimentally

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

The Multifactorial Epidemiology of Blackwater Fever

The Multifactorial Epidemiology of Blackwater Fever

Blackwater fever like in murine malaria

Oliguric renal failure in blackwater fever

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