Attempts to conceive and the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the Apple Women’s Health Study

Fruh, Victoria; Lyons, Genevieve; Scalise, Ariel L; Gallagher, Nicola; Jukic, Anne-Marie; Baird, Donna D.; Chaturvedi, Uvika; Suharwardy, Sanaa; Onnela, Jukka‐Pekka; Williams, Michelle A.; Hauser, Russ; Coull, Brent A.; Mahalingaiah, Shruthi

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.013

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Several app-based studies have included fertility awareness measures such as ovulation testing and basal body temperature measures, which allows them to consider more detailed aspects of menstruation, specifically among females avoiding or attempting conception 18 , 21 . However, such data were limited in this sample of AWHS participants, with approximately 5–6% of the participants reported attempting conception each month 50 . When comparing cycle characteristics across age groups, we arbitrarily used the 35–39 year age group as the reference because this group had the lowest cycle variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Menstrual cycle length variation by demographic characteristics from the Apple Women’s Health Study

Gibson

Jukic

et al. 2023

npj Digit. Med.

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Menstrual characteristics are important signs of women’s health. Here we examine the variation of menstrual cycle length by age, ethnicity, and body weight using 165,668 cycles from 12,608 participants in the US using mobile menstrual tracking apps. After adjusting for all covariates, mean menstrual cycle length is shorter with older age across all age groups until age 50 and then became longer for those age 50 and older. Menstrual cycles are on average 1.6 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.0) days longer for Asian and 0.7 (95%CI: 0.4, 1.0) days longer for Hispanic participants compared to white non-Hispanic participants. Participants with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 have 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2, 1.8) days longer cycles compared to those with BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2. Cycle variability is the lowest among participants aged 35–39 but are considerably higher by 46% (95%CI: 43%, 48%) and 45% (95%CI: 41%, 49%) among those aged under 20 and between 45–49. Cycle variability increase by 200% (95%CI: 191%, 210%) among those aged above 50 compared to those in the 35–39 age group. Compared to white participants, those who are Asian and Hispanic have larger cycle variability. Participants with obesity also have higher cycle variability. Here we confirm previous observations of changes in menstrual cycle pattern with age across reproductive life span and report new evidence on the differences of menstrual variation by ethnicity and obesity status. Future studies should explore the underlying determinants of the variation in menstrual characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%