Attempted suicide <i>v.</i> non-suicidal self-injury:
                        behaviour, syndrome or diagnosis?

Butler, Aine; Malone, Kevin

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113506

Cited by 100 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As we have discussed, similar proposals have been made concerning studies of self-injury, given recent research that has shown that NSSI cuts across many mental disorders as they have been traditionally defined (e.g., Selby et al, 2012;Shaffer & Jacobson, 2009). Although the inclusion of NSSI disorder as a condition in need of further study in the DSM-5 represents increasing recognition of NSSI as a transdiagnostic phenomenon, whether NSSI is best conceptualized as a formal diagnosis, symptom, or behavior is still subject to debate (e.g., Butler & Malone, 2013). Studies in which researchers have used and tested the NSSI disorder criteria are emerging in the literature, and preliminary results are promising (e.g., Selby et al, 2012;Zetterqvist, Lundh, Dahlström, & Svedin, 2013); however, continued research in this area will undoubtedly help determine the ideal classification for this prevalent phenomenon.…”

Section: Question 7: Can Self-injury Studies Be Prioritized In Currenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Four-Function Model of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Bentley

Nock

Barlow

2014

Clinical Psychological Science

178

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of research exploring the phenomenon of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI); however, a great deal remains unknown about this alarmingly pervasive behavior. Our aim in the present review was to use the recently developed, empirically supported four-function model (FFM) of NSSI (Nock, 2009(Nock, , 2010Nock & Prinstein, 2004) as a conceptual base to generate important next steps for research on self-injury. Functional approaches have guided the understanding of a wide range of disorders, including anxiety (e.g., Barlow, 2002), depression (e.g., Dimidjian et al., 2006), and substance use (e.g., Dutra et al., 2008). Drawing from this functional model of self-injury may similarly help identify research initiatives necessary to advance knowledge of NSSI and bolster the development of much-needed evidence-based treatments. In this review, we first briefly discuss the classification, prevalence, clinical significance, and transdiagnostic nature of NSSI. Next, we present the evidence-based FFM of NSSI. We then use the model to inform the understanding of seven unanswered questions about self-injury and a research agenda for studies aimed to answer them.

show abstract

Section: Question 7: Can Self-injury Studies Be Prioritized In Currenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Four-Function Model of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Bentley

Nock

Barlow

2014

Clinical Psychological Science

178

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although NSSI and SA share similarities in their risk factors (Andover et al, 2012), and a history of NSSI increases risk for suicide (Claes et al, 2010b), these two behaviors are distinct from each other in a number of ways. Namely, whereas NSSI represents a maladaptive coping mechanism to regulate emotions, a suicide attempt reflects a desire to end one's life (Butler et al, 2013). Hence, the intention to die is the most basic distinction between these behaviors (Andover et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempts in Bulimic Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the implication of personality, impulsivity, and emotion regulation difficulties in patients with a bulimic-spectrum disorder (BSD) and suicide attempts (SA), BSD patients with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and BSD patients without these behaviors.Method: One hundred and twenty-two female adult BSD patients were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Patients were clustered post-hoc into three groups depending on whether they presented BSD without NSSI or SA (BSD), BSD with lifetime NSSI (BSD + NSSI) or BSD with lifetime SA (BSD + SA).Results: The BSD + NSSI and BSD + SA groups presented more emotion regulation difficulties, more eating and general psychopathology, and increased reward dependence in comparison with the BSD group. In addition, BSD + SA patients specifically showed problems with impulse control, while also presenting higher impulsivity than both the BSD and BSD + NSSI groups. No differences in impulsivity between the BSD and BSD + NSSI groups were found.Conclusions: The results show that BSD + NSSI and BSD + SA share a common profile characterized by difficulties in emotion regulation and low reward dependence, but differ in impulsivity and cooperativeness. This suggests that self-injury, in patients without a history of suicide attempts (i.e., BSD + NSSI), may have a regulatory role rather than being due to impulsivity.

show abstract

“…Currently, there is a debate about the relationship between NSSI and suicidal self-injury, with some researchers highlighting both behaviours are distinct 17 , whereas others are more cautious in clearly differentiating these two behaviours 18 . Numerous studies have noted that non-suicidal and suicidal self-injurious behaviours co-occur frequently 14,19,20 and that NSSI longitudinally predicts increased risk of suicidal behaviours 21–23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%