Attainment of water and sanitation goals: a review and agenda for research

Abstract

One-fourth of the global population is without basic drinking water and half of the global population lacks sanitation facilities. The attainment of water and sanitation targets is difficult due to administrative, operational, political, transborder, technical, and policy challenges. Conducted after 5 years from the adoption of sustainable development goals by the United Nations reviews the initiatives for improving access, quality, and affordability of water and sanitation. The bibliometric and thematic analyses are conducted to consolidate the outcomes of scientific papers on sustainable development goal 6 (SDG 6). Africa is struggling in relation with water and sanitation goals, having 17 countries with less than 40% basic drinking water facilities and 16 countries with less than 40% basic sanitation facilities. Globally, the attainment of water and sanitation goals will be depended on economic development, the development of revolutionary measures for wastewater treatment, and creating awareness related to water usage, water recycling, water harvesting, hygiene, and sanitation. Behavioral changes are also required for a new water culture and the attainment of water and sanitation goals by 2030.

Interconnected Dimensions and Guiding Principles of Sustainability: A Comprehensive Review

“…[40] [41] Aesthetics [13] • Incorporation of natural elements such as green spaces and water features. • Use of sustainable materials and design practices.…”

Robust CA-GO-TiO2/PTFE Photocatalytic Membranes for the Degradation of the Azithromycin Formulation from Wastewaters

“…With the rapid growth of industry and urbanization, there has been a decrease in the number of forests, coupled with an increase in population, which has led to a rise in pollution at a global level. Concerns arise from the rapid increase in wastewater generation and the escalating need for clean water, which indicate an imminent international crisis related to water availability [3]. To address this, policymakers have proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and much effort is being placed into evaluating and monitoring global initiatives regarding wastewater treatment [4].…”