Attainment and Retention of Morphogenetic Capacity in Vitro

Halperin, Walter

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-715003-1.50007-1

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…However, explants grown on AgNO3 medium produced high levels ofethylene which began to increase rapidly after 3 d of culture and reached a peak on d 14, and the ethylene level was sixfold higher than that produced by control explants (Fig. 4) (9). Among Brassica species, B. campestris has been shown to be least regenerative in culture, and cell recalcitrance in regeneration is believed to be controlled genetically (17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ethylene on de Novo Shoot Regeneration from Cotyledonary Explants of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (Lour) Olsson in Vitro

Chi¹,

Pua²,

Goh³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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The promotive effect of AgNO3 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on in vitro shoot regeneration from cotyledons of Brasska campestris ssp. peklnensls in relation to endogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, ACC, and ethylene production was investigated. AgNO3 enhanced ACC synthase activity and ACC accumulation, which reached a maximum after 3 to 7 days of culture. ACC accumulation was concomitant with increased emanation of ethylene which peaked after 14 days. In contrast, AVG was inhibitory to endogenous ACC synthase activity and reduced ACC and ethylene production. The promotive effect of AVG on shoot regeneration was reversed by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid at 50 micromolar or higher concentrations, whereas explants grown on AgNO3 medium were less affected by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid. The distinctive effect of AgNO3 and AVG on endogenous ACC synthase, ACC, and ethylene production and its possible mechanisms are discussed.Plants usually exhibit enhanced ethylene production when wounded or under environmental stresses or pathogen attack (31). Ethylene biosynthesis in plants occurs via SAM' and ACC intermediates using methionine as a precursor (31), but the molecular mechanism of its action is not clear. It has been known for some time that cultured plant cells evolve ethylene (1 1 Cotyledonary explants excised from 3-d-old aseptically germinated seedlings of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis cv Shantung and cv Wong Bok were used. Because our preliminary investigations showed that explants cultured in 50-mL Erlenmyer flasks and 100-x 25-mm Petri dishes exhibited the similar capacity of shoot regeneration, both culture containers were used in this study. Explants were cultured either in a flask containing 25 mL medium or in a Petri dish containing 30 mL medium consisting of all constituents of Murashige and Skoog's medium (16)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ethylene on de Novo Shoot Regeneration from Cotyledonary Explants of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (Lour) Olsson in Vitro

Chi¹,

Pua²,

Goh³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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“…A diversity of factors control morphogenesis in vitro, and no theory clearly explains all the responses observed (Halperin, 1986 (Molnar and Lacroix, 1972a, b). This approach has already been applied in studies on the development of adventitious roots by apple microcuttings (Hicks, 1987;Zhou et (Jensen, 1962 Torrey's (1966) (fig 3c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and biochemical changes during root formation in oak and apple shoots cultured in vitro

1992

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“…When growth occurred, it led to actively proliferating, unorganized calli (data not shown). The opposite results of the two Petuniu lines for regenerating from leaf explants or from protoplast-derived calli further demonstrate the strong interaction between the differentiation status of plant explants and their competence toward regeneration (Halperin, 1988). The high efficiency of regeneration from leaf explants of the St40 line has been associated with its high rate of uptake and metabolism of BA, an exogenous cytokinin (Auer et al, 1992), and its capacity to form a BA disaccharide conjugate (Auer and Cohen, 1993), which suggests that a functional difference with the line PC6, considering regeneration, is related to cytokinin signaling.…”

Section: P21 and P17 Are Early Markers Of A Senescence Program Triggementioning

confidence: 99%

A Thiol Protease and an Anionic Peroxidase Are Induced by Lowering Cytokinins during Callus Growth in Petunia

et al. 1996

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We previously identified a group of proteins that increase early i n Petunia hybrida calli subcultured on a low-cytokinin medium, unlike the calli subcultured on a high-cytokinin medium. The calli on the low-cytokinin medium do not regenerate (J.-P. Renaudin, C. Tournaire, B. Teyssendier de Ia Serve [1991] Physiol Plant 82: 48-56). Two of these proteins, P21 and P17, have been identified by peptide sequencing and cloned. P21 is highly homologous to a group of thiol proteases, including barley aleurain, rice oryzain y, Arabidopsis SACZ, and mammalian cathepsin H. P17 is highly homologous to a group of anionic peroxidases from potato and tomato. A study of their expression in t w o P. hybrida lines, PC6 and St40, which differ in their ability to regenerate, showed that the genes for P21 and P17 are differentially expressed depending on the type and the age of the organ, with the highest expression in senescing leaves and in aged calli. The data are in favor of these genes being associated with an early step of senescence, which may be due, i n part, to a reduction i n total cytokinin. The two fetunia lines are, thus, functionally different concerning the action of cytokinin in two developmental phenomena: in vitro organogenesis and senescence.In vitro organogenesis is a complex, developmental pathway of plant tissues under the control of a large range of effectors, including, notably, growth substances, nutrients, and light (Thorpe, 1980). The duration of the biological response, spanning days and even weeks, and the paucity of genetic studies have notably contributed to our limited understanding of the control of in vitro organogenesis. Cytokinins are considered key regulators of the formation of vegetative buds in vitro, both when they are added in vitro (Skoog and Miller, 1957) and when they are synthesized endogenously (Estruch et al., 1991; Li et al., 1992). Our knowledge of cytokinin function still lags behind that of the other plant growth substances, although some progress has been made in this area recently (Binns, 1994).We have developed a biological system to search for molecular markers of cytokinin action during in vitro organogenesis (Renaudin et al., 1990). Microcalli grown from Petunia kybrida mesophyll protoplasts were induced to regenerate * Corresponding author; e-mail renaudin@msdos.ensam.inra.fr; fax 33-67-52-57-37. buds, roots, or further calli according to the absolute concentrations of auxin and cytokinin added to the culture medium, and the effect of cytokinin on vegetative bud formation was studied (Renaudin et al., 1990;Traas et al., 1990). The continuous presence of cytokinin was required for 2 weeks, until bud primordia were formed. Vegetative buds became visible at the end of the 3rd week of culture. The growth of calli during the first 2 weeks occurred to the same extent when the cytokinin concentration was lowered 10-fold, but primordium induction and vegetative bud regeneration were triggered only by the highest cytokinin concentration.2D SDS-PAGE patterns of total protein of Petu...

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Attainment and Retention of Morphogenetic Capacity in Vitro

Cited by 37 publications

References 158 publications

Role of Ethylene on de Novo Shoot Regeneration from Cotyledonary Explants of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (Lour) Olsson in Vitro

Role of Ethylene on de Novo Shoot Regeneration from Cotyledonary Explants of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (Lour) Olsson in Vitro

Anatomical and biochemical changes during root formation in oak and apple shoots cultured in vitro

A Thiol Protease and an Anionic Peroxidase Are Induced by Lowering Cytokinins during Callus Growth in Petunia

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