Abstract:Enhanced penetration potential of activated TIG (A-TIG) welding process over conventional TIG welding has made the former process preferred for welding in recent times. The quality and shape of the weld in A-TIG are not only influenced by the chemical composition of the flux, but also by the selection of welding parameters. As a variety of process parameters influence the results, a proper understanding of process performance and identification of favorable welding conditions (optimum setting of process parame… Show more
“…It is fundamental that heat input to a welding process will play a vital role in deciding the quality characteristics of a weldment. 18,19 Therefore, the net heat input during the process for each weld was calculated for identifying correct samples to be evaluated using the formula 20 HeatInput kJ mm (2.08 kJ//mm), low, medium and high heat welded joints were identified and these samples were extracted to a size of 30 x 15 x 6 mm 3 in the transverse direction to the welded plate to explore the macro and microstructural characteristics.…”
In the present scenario, ship building industries are frequently associated with welding process to explore the benefits of improved strength over the parent material. Development of new techniques to enhance the processes is of a part of the usual practice in industries. In the present work, as a supportive measure, backing plate was introduced to develop the weldments with enhanced properties. The central composite design array specimens, a widely used aluminum alloy in marine application AA 6063 were prepared by TIG welding process with the help of backing plates of different materials. Effect of backing plate material on the properties such as ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of the weld joints were investigated. A detailed study of microstructure and macrostructure on the weldment was also done. Results exhibit a considerable improvement for the recommendation of using copper backing plates in the welding processes.
“…It is fundamental that heat input to a welding process will play a vital role in deciding the quality characteristics of a weldment. 18,19 Therefore, the net heat input during the process for each weld was calculated for identifying correct samples to be evaluated using the formula 20 HeatInput kJ mm (2.08 kJ//mm), low, medium and high heat welded joints were identified and these samples were extracted to a size of 30 x 15 x 6 mm 3 in the transverse direction to the welded plate to explore the macro and microstructural characteristics.…”
In the present scenario, ship building industries are frequently associated with welding process to explore the benefits of improved strength over the parent material. Development of new techniques to enhance the processes is of a part of the usual practice in industries. In the present work, as a supportive measure, backing plate was introduced to develop the weldments with enhanced properties. The central composite design array specimens, a widely used aluminum alloy in marine application AA 6063 were prepared by TIG welding process with the help of backing plates of different materials. Effect of backing plate material on the properties such as ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of the weld joints were investigated. A detailed study of microstructure and macrostructure on the weldment was also done. Results exhibit a considerable improvement for the recommendation of using copper backing plates in the welding processes.
“…Additionally, it was concluded that, as compared to conventional TIG welding, ATIG and FA-TIG welded samples using SiO 2 flux exhibited an increase in depth of penetration of 120%-130% and an increase in depth width ratio of 190%. Vora et al [13] used the JAYA algorithm to demonstrate the application potential of numerous response optimisation procedures utilising an integrated surface approach on a 6 mm thick plate. In their research, they identified various welding characteristics, including depth of penetration (DOP) and depth to width ratio (DWR) of HAZ, as well as input parameters like current, speed, and arc gap.…”
A-TIG welding is a modified form of GTAW process that has become popular due to its ability to create high-quality welded joints with minimal cracks and distortion. This technique is commonly used to join various metals, including stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, and nickel alloys like Hastelloy C-276, which is used in fabrication of complex components across marine, nuclear, aerospace, and chemical industries. In this investigation, A-TIG welding of Hastelloy C-276 was studied using three parameters welding current, welding speed, and gas flow rate at three distinct levels. The impact of these parameters were analyzed on two responses, namely penetration depth and width of weld. Macrostructural investigation, sensitivity analysis, and parametric studies revealed that welding current (I) had the most influence, followed by speed of welding (S) and flow rate of gas (G). Full quadratic multiple regression analysis-based models were developed for both responses, which were found to be suitable with a higher coefficient of determination and an average percentage error of 2.165% and 2.624%, respectively. Additionally, a teaching learning based optimization algorithm was integrated with these models to identify the most effective A-TIG parameter combination for higher penetration depth and lower weld width. This MRA-TLBO integrated approach resulted in an optimal parametric combination of I (170A), S (180mm/min), and G (11.37 l/min) that resulted in a penetration depth and weld width of 4.503 mm and 4.684 mm, respectively. Validation at this optimal setting showed an improvement of 3.365% and 1.284% for weld width and penetration depth, respectively, suggesting the robustness of the developed methodology.
“…Patel et al [19] studied bead-on plate welding of Hastelloy C-22, 6 mm thick coupons by several A-TIG variations using four types of fluxes, including (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ) as acidic oxides and (Fe 2 O 3 , and CUO) as basic oxides. It was noticed that welded samples (ATIG and FA-TIG) employing SiO 2 flux enhanced the depth of penetration by 120%-130% and the depth breadth ratio by 190% when compared with conventional TIG welding.Vora et al [20] applied response optimization processes by an integrated surface procedure using the JAYA algorithm with an A-TIG welding process framework on a 6 mm thick plate. In their experiments, they reported various welding parameters like-current, speed, arc gap, and output parameters like depth of penetration (DOP), depth-to-width ratio (DWR), etc They revealed that similar results were achieved when the JAYA algorithm was compared with TLBO (teaching-learning-based optimization).…”
Hastelloy C-276 is a nickel-based alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance at cryogenic to high temperatures. The issue of Hastelloy C-276 shallow penetration by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding was addressed in the current investigation by applying A-TIG welding with variable oxide flux. In the current investigation, constant welding conditions were used to perform TIG and A-TIG welding using SiO2, TiO2, and a 50% mixture of SiO2+TiO2 flux. The weld bead width and depth of penetration of the weld bead profile were measured, and the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the weld metal was investigated. SiO2 flux attained the highest D/W ratio and depth of penetration during A-TIG welding when compared to other fluxes used. A-TIG welding using SiO2 flux improved the depth of penetration and the D/W ratio by 118% and 263%, respectively, in comparison with conventional TIG welding. Additionally, the A-TIG welded sample with SiO2 flux had an ultimate tensile strength of 738.295 MPa and a percentage of elongation of 52.75%.
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