Attaining and maintaining preparation: A comparison of attention in hyperactive, normal, and disturbed control children

Schachar, Russell; Logan, Gordon D.; Wachsmuth, R; Chajczyk, Diane

doi:10.1007/bf00914169

Cited by 79 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The effect size for the CPT in the present study was 0.58, which is comparable to the results from other CPT studies (Losier, B.J., McGrath, P.J., & Klein, R.M., 1996). Although some studies conclude that children with ADHD are significantly impaired on the CPT (Halperin et al, 1988), other studies find the sensitivity to be low (Schachar, Logan, Wachsmuth, & Chajczyk, 1988).…”

Section: Pilot Studysupporting

confidence: 89%

Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Span: A Sensitive Measure of Cognitive Deficits in Children With ADHD

Westerberg

Hirvikoski

Forssberg

et al. 2004

Child Neuropsychology (Neuropsychology, Development and Cogniti

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Working memory (WM) has been hypothesised to be impaired in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there are few studies reported on tests measuring visuo-spatial WM (VSWM) in ADHD. Some of these studies used paradigms including episodic memory, others only used low memory loads. In the present study we used a VSWM test that has not been used previously in ADHD research. The sensitivity of the VSWM test and a choice reaction time (CRT) test was evaluated in a pilot study by comparing them to two commonly used tests in ADHD-research; the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and a Go/no-go test, in children with and without ADHD. The groups differed significantly in performance on the VSWM test (P < .01) and CRT (P < .05) but not on the CPT (P > .1) or on the Go/no-go test (P > .1). The results from the VSWM and CRT tests were replicated in a larger sample of participants (80 boys; 27 boys with ADHD and 53 controls, mean age 11.4 years). The difference between the groups was significant for both the VSWM test (P < .01) and the CRT test (P < .01). The effect size (ES) of the VSWM test was 1.34. There was a significant age-by-group interaction on the VSWM test, with larger group differences for the older children (P < .01). Our results show that the VSWM test is a sensitive measure of cognitive deficits in ADHD and it supports the hypothesis that deficits in VSWM is a major component of ADHD.

show abstract

Section: Pilot Studysupporting

confidence: 89%

Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Span: A Sensitive Measure of Cognitive Deficits in Children With ADHD

Westerberg

Hirvikoski

Forssberg

et al. 2004

Child Neuropsychology (Neuropsychology, Development and Cogniti

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ADHD group has been defined by a variety of measures across the 13 studies reviewed (see Table 1). Four ofthe studies used standardized questionnaires from both the teacher and parents (Horn, Wagner & Ialongo, 1989;Schachar, Logan, Wachsmuth & Chajezyk, 1988;Tarnowski, Prinz & Nay, 1986;Werry, Elkind & Reeves, 1987). Five ofthe 13 studies used standardized questionnaires from the teacher only in order to come to a decision on the placement of a child into the ADHD group (Halperin e/fl/., 1988;McLaren, 1990;O'Dougherty, Nuechterlein & Drew, 1984;Shapiro & Garfinkel, 1986;Smith, Corkum & Bryson, 1989) whereas Sostek, Buchsbaum and Rapoport (1980) used questionnaires completed by the parent only.…”

Section: Group Selection Criterionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Is the Continuous Performance Task a Valuable Research Tool for use with Children with Attention‐Deficit‐Hyperactivity Disorder?

Corkum¹,

Siegel²

1993

Child Psychology Psychiatry

347

265

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Continuous Performance Task (CPT) has become a popular research tool used to distinguish children with Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from their normal peers. Whether hyperactive children have a vigilance decrement remains an ongoing controversy. The theoretical basis of the CPT and variables known to influence performance are examined in order to interpret the inconsistencies evident in the research. Studies which employed the CPT in order to examine the possibility of sustained attention deficits in children with ADHD will be reviewed. The results are examined in light of group selection criteria, task variables and situational and external variables. It is concluded that there is no compelling evidence for a sustained deficit in ADHD children. An alternative theoretical model for understanding the results of CPT performance in ADHD children is provided.

show abstract

“…The Continuous Performance Test (CPT) demands sustained attention and vigilance, and has been widely used as a measure of sustained attention de cits in children with ADHD (Lin, Hsiao, & Chen, 1999). Results, however, have been equivocal with some investigations demonstrating signi cant de cits in sustained attention and vigilance (Aylward, Verhulst, & Bell, 1990;Barkley, Grodzinsky, & DuPaul, 1992) while others do not (Schachar, Logan, Wachsmuth, & Chajezyk, 1988;Van der Meere and Sergeant, 1988a, b). In a meta-analysis of 26 CPT studies, children with ADHD were found to perform signi cantly worse than non-ADHD controls in terms of both commission and omission errors (Losier, McGrath, & Klein, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Response Inhibition, Memory, and Attention in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

West

Houghton

Douglas

et al. 2002

Educational Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Newly developed measures of response inhibition, verbal and non-verbal memory, and attention were applied to a sample of boys diagnosed with ADHD (n 5 50; 14 predominantly inattentive type and 36 combined type) with no diagnosed comorbid conditions, who had received no stimulant medication for a minimum period of 20 hours prior to test administration. Performance was assessed relative to 50 individually age-matched control boys. Results revealed signi cant multivariate group differences on all three tests, supported by univariate effects on measures of verbal memory and attentional switching. In all cases, ADHD boys performed more poorly than the control boys. However, contrary to expectations, boys with ADHD made signi cantly fewer impulsive responses (false positives) on the speci c measure of response, despite recording signi cantly more misses than the controls. Furthermore, no signi cant differences were observed according to ADHD subtype. The present research therefore demonstrates and more fully characterises the nature of the observed memory and attentional impairments in boys with ADHD and would appear to have clear implications for education and the further development of theory.

show abstract

Attaining and maintaining preparation: A comparison of attention in hyperactive, normal, and disturbed control children

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Span: A Sensitive Measure of Cognitive Deficits in Children With ADHD

Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Span: A Sensitive Measure of Cognitive Deficits in Children With ADHD

Is the Continuous Performance Task a Valuable Research Tool for use with Children with Attention‐Deficit‐Hyperactivity Disorder?

Response Inhibition, Memory, and Attention in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About