Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia

Eikenaes, Ingeborg; Pedersen, Geir; Wilberg, Theresa

doi:10.1111/papt.12075

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This evidence is consistent with the association between Mixed SP and depression [6]. A moderate correlation was found also between Automatic SP and Approval/Recognition Seeking EMS: individuals with more intense Automatic SP behaviour tend to put excessive emphasis on gaining approval from others, at the expense of developing a true sense of self, consistently with reports indicating approval seeking and Parameter set at 0 because redundant separation anxiety as predictors of avoidant personality [18]. This evidence might support the hypothesis that avoidant personality traits might be involved in the Automatic subtype, and that this subtype might be related to the so-called vulnerable narcissistic personality picture, often associated to avoidant personality, in the same manner as self-injurious behaviour [19].…”

Section: Predictive Effect Of Ems On Sp Subtypessupporting

confidence: 81%

Early maladaptive schemas as common and specific predictors of skin picking subtypes

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Three distinct subtypes of Skin Picking (SP) have been identified in previous research: Focused, Automatic and Mixed. Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) were not investigated across the subtypes. Understanding which EMS are associated with the subtypes might suggest the evaluation of Schema Therapy for SP and guide clinicians using it according to subtypes. The current study explored the relationship between EMS and SP subtypes in community adults. Methods: Five hundred ninety-six adults [mean age = 35.23 years, 66% females] self-reporting SP behaviours completed the Milwaukee Inventory for Dimensions of Adult Skin Picking and the Young Schema Questionnaire-Long form third version (YSQ-L3). Results: Higher Dependence/Incompetence EMS was a common predictor of both Focused and Automatic subtypes, while lower Emotional Deprivation EMS and younger age predicted all three subtypes. Higher Approval/Recognition Seeking, Mistrust/Abuse and Failure to Achieve were specific predictors of Automatic, Focused and Mixed subtypes, respectively. Lower Social Isolation/Alienation and Enmeshment/Undeveloped Self were specific predictors of Focused subtype. Male gender was a specific predictor of Mixed subtype. Conclusions: The assessment and psychological treatment of individuals with SP behaviour may focus on specific EMS. Future longitudinal studies using clinical samples may clarify this association.

show abstract

Section: Predictive Effect Of Ems On Sp Subtypessupporting

confidence: 81%

Early maladaptive schemas as common and specific predictors of skin picking subtypes

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 72 In this study, DPD also showed some overlap with borderline PD on an attachment/abandonment factor. A fear of abandonment has also been identified in AVPD, 73 and two other studies reported significant correlations between AVPD and DPD symptoms, including unassertive behavior, low self-confidence with other people, and self-depreciation. 31 , 74 However, AVPD has been reported to differ from DPD by showing social withdrawal rather than proximity seeking 32 and by a stable association with alexithymia that in AVPD is independent of depression.…”

Section: Historical Development Of the Avpd Construct And Its Inclusimentioning

confidence: 90%

Avoidant personality disorder: current insights

Lampe¹,

Malhi²

2018

PRBM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) is a relatively common disorder that is associated with significant distress, impairment, and disability. It is a chronic disorder with an early age at onset and a lifelong impact. Yet it is underrecognized and poorly studied. Little is known regarding the most effective treatment. The impetus for research into this condition has waxed and waned, possibly due to concerns regarding its distinctiveness from other disorders, especially social anxiety disorder (SAD), schizoid personality disorder, and dependent personality disorder. The prevailing paradigm subscribes to the “severity continuum hypothesis”, in which AVPD is viewed essentially as a severe variant of SAD. However, areas of discontinuity have been described, and there is support for retaining AVPD as a distinct diagnostic category. Recent research has focused on the phenomenology of AVPD, factors of possible etiological significance such as early parenting experiences, attachment style, temperament, and cognitive processing. Self-concept, avoidant behavior, early attachments, and attachment style may represent points of difference from SAD that also have relevance to treatment. Additional areas of research not focused specifically on AVPD, including the literature on social cognition as it relates to attachment and personality style, report findings that are promising for future research aimed at better delineating AVPD and informing treatment.

show abstract

“…Similar developmental models have been proposed in relation to anxiety (Bifulco et al 2006;Warren, Huston, Egeland, & Sroufe, 1997), depression (Bifulco et al, 2006;Fowler, Allen, Oldham, & Frueh, 2013), bipolar disorder (Morriss, van der Gucht, Lancaster, & Bentall, 2009), posttraumatic stress disorder (Ortigo, Westen, Defife, & Bradley, 2013) and personality disorders (Ma, 2006), particularly the borderline (Choi-Kain, Fitzmaurice, Zarnarini, Laverdiere, & Gunderson, 2009;Fongay & Luyten, 2009) and avoidant (Eikenaes, Pedersen, & Wilberg, 2016;Hageman, Francis, Field, & Carr, 2015) types. Furthermore, the utility of attachment theory is demonstrated by a recent meta-analysis of 36 studies involving a total of 3,158 patients with a range of Axis I and Axis II diagnoses: Significantly better outcomes were observed for those with secure (as against insecure) attachment styles, on data collected across various psychotherapeutic orientations (Levy, Kivity, Johnson, & Gooch, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Ontological insecurity II: Relationship to attachment, childhood trauma, and subclinical psychotic‐like experiences

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives To examine ontological insecurity as a predictor of positive psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) relative to concepts of childhood trauma, parental bonding, and adult attachment style. Methods A nonclinical sample (N = 298) completed the Ontological Insecurity Scale (OIS‐34), a new measure of ontological insecurity, along with measures of the above concepts. Results The OIS‐34 accounted for a significantly greater proportion of unique variance in positive PLEs than any other theoretical variable. Anxious and avoidant adult attachment were also strongly associated with positive PLEs, but these relationships were mediated by the OIS‐34, ceasing to be significant once this latter variable entered the hierarchical regression equation. Conclusions The results are consistent with R. D. Laing's theory that ontological insecurity plays a significant role in psychosis. Moreover, the results suggest that this concept may mediate the established relationship between anxious/avoidant adult attachment and positive PLEs. Implications for psychological approaches to clinical psychosis are discussed.

show abstract

Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia

Cited by 32 publications

References 50 publications

Early maladaptive schemas as common and specific predictors of skin picking subtypes

Early maladaptive schemas as common and specific predictors of skin picking subtypes

Avoidant personality disorder: current insights

Ontological insecurity II: Relationship to attachment, childhood trauma, and subclinical psychotic‐like experiences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About